This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in gayam leaf extract (Incarpus fagiferus Fobs). The research method used is a quasi-experiment that aims to predict the situation to be achieved through actual experiments but no treatment. The sample used is old gayam leaves, with the characteristic of dark green leaf and rough leaf surface. The process of preparing simplicia, ie preparing fresh gayam leaves, dried in an oven temperature 45-50oC, and then dried to produce gayam leaf powder. Samples were extracted with methanol solvent and ethanol for 5 days. The total phenol assay method uses Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activity test using DPPH free radical retardation method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the total phenolic content of gayam leaf extract with ethanol and methanol solvent was 313,704 GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent) and 273,913 GAE, respectively. Antioxidant activity as a free antidote to free radical DPPH is known to be valued with IC50 (inhibitory concentration).

ABSTRAK Tumbuhan karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) merupakan tumbuhan dari family Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis senyawa alkaloid pada batang karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa).Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan alat uji LC-MS (Liquid Chromatograpgy-Mas Spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis-jenis senyawa alkaloid yang terdapat pada batang karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) adalah maritidine (BM 288 m/z), berberine (BM 336 m/z), ismine (BM 258 m/z), tazettine (BM Kata Kunci: alkaloid, batang Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), LKS dan uji LC-MS ABSTRACT Rhodomyrtus tomentosais one of herbs which belongs to myrtaceaefamily. This plant possessesalkaloid which is efficacious as anti diarrhea, anti diabetes, anti microbial, and anti malaria, however some alkaloid compoundsare poisonous. Thus,it is necessity to identify the alkaloid compounds contained in the stem of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa which are known the use. Thisresearch aimed to identify the types of alkaloid compoundsin the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem and find out its usesas the biology teaching materials in form of LKS (Student Work Sheet). The research was descriptive explorative which was purposed to describe the types of alkaloid compoundsin the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem. LC-MS (Liquid Chromatograpgy-Mas

Gastropoda merupakan hewan yang bergerak dengan menggunkan perutnya (gaster= perut dan podos=kaki) yang saat ini mulai terancam keberadaannya karena rusaknya ekosistem hutan mangrove karena konversi lahan, dampak ekologis yang ditimbulkan adalah mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem hutan mangrove. Masalah lain adalah kurangnya informasi tentang keanekaragaman Gastropoda khususnya di daerah terpencil, salah satu daerah terpencil yang belum diteliti adalah Desa Baban Kecamatan Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep.Penelitian ini berujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman Gastropoda hutan mangrove. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 17-24 April 2016 pada saat air surut dengan metode random sampling dengan menggunakan transek kuadrat. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi atau pengamatan langsung terhadap populasi yang diamati.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gastropoda yang ditemukam terdiri dari 11  jenis yaitu Nerita fulgurans, Cassidula aurisfelis, Telescopium telescopium,  Cerithidea quadrata, Ceritiopsis sp, Littroraria scabra, Raphitoma purpurea, Alvania sp, Littoraria  melanostoma,  Terebralia  sulcata, dan Littorina  sp. Struktur komunitas Gastropoda berdasarkan beberapa hal: 1) indeks kepadatan tertinggi terdapat pada spesies Terebralia sulcata (2.17 individu per meter persegi) sementara indeks kepadatan terendah adalah Nerit fulgurans (0,25 individu per meter persegi); 2) indeks nilai penting tertinggi adalah spesies Terebralia sulcata (33%) dan yang terendah adalah pada spesies spesies Nerita fulgurans (0.05%); 3) indeks keragaman termasuk dalam kategori standar yaitu antara 1,84 sampai 2,16; 4) indeks nilai kemerataan menunjukkan kemerataan pada setiap stasiun, mulai 0.77 sampai 0.90; 5) indeks dominansi menunjukkan tidak adanya dominansi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar Biologi dalam bentuk booklet.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the bacteria that can cause infectious diseases. In general Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause diseases of swelling (abscess) such as skin infections or acne. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii [Ness.] BI) leaf extract has a substance which gives antimicrobial effects that can be used as an inhibitor of the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria’s growth because it contains substances such as essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of the concentration of cinnamon leaf extract and to determine the concentration of extract which has the best influence to the inhibition zone diameter of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This research was conducted in Biology Laboratory of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, on 17-18 May 2017. The results showed that there was an effect of giving various concentrations of cinnamon leaf extract to the inhibition zone diameter of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria’s growth. The concentration of cinnamon leaf extract which has the best influence to the inhibitory zone diameter of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria is 100% with the mean of inhibitory zone diameter 15.16 mm.

Knowledge of conservation education at boarding school residents grew rapidly since 1990. The residents have variety sources of knowledge and insight which affecting the owner’s knowledge. Boarding schools citizen’s knowledge becomes a key factor to create the basic, instrumental values and the goal values. The successfulness of knowledge transfer in order to build the values, attitudes and behavior are developing by using multiple methods of environmental education, namely: lectures, training, provision of examples and discussions. The resident’s conservation knowledge lodges an interrelated system between inputs, processes, outputs and knowledge outcomes. Knowledge system that is built up is more towards emphasizing on the educational component due to the boarding school’s background that has role in developing the citizens through education. Knowledge system that is built has a typical religious communities, but in accordance with the conservation objectives. Purpose of conservation education in general is to find happiness in this world and in the Hereafter a continuous basis. The purpose of conservation education is superior which include objectives to gain happiness in this world and in the Hereafter with ongoing basis comparing to the general conservation.