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Bilins are open‐chain tetrapyrroles with a wide range of visible and nearly visible‐light absorption and emission properties. The linear tetrapyrrole molecules function as chromophores of the light‐harvesting phycobiliproteins and phytochrome‐mediated light sensing in photosynthetic organisms. They are derived from the cyclic precursor haem. The initial step in bilin biosynthesis is the conversion of haem into biliverdin (BV IX α) catalysed by haem oxygenase, which is subsequently reduced to specific bilins by ferredoxin‐dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs). Bilins usually bound to apoproteins via single or double covalent bonds to form a macromolecular complex phycobilisomes. The attachment of apoproteins to bilin is an autocatalytic process, but bilin lyases are required for the specific attachment of bilin chromophores to phycobiliprotein apoproteins. Besides the biosynthesis, structure and functions of bilins, this article also aims to recapitulate and discuss the current progress in the field of bilins and to emphasise the emerging areas. Key Concepts Bilins are open‐chain tetrapyrrole non‐metallic colour compounds formed as a metabolic product of protoporphyrin IX. Biliverdin IX α is the common precursor of all naturally occurring bilins. Haem oxygenase (HO) and ferredoxin‐dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs) are the two key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of bilins. Phycobiliproteins assemble with bilins to form phycobilisomes, which help in light harvesting and energy transfer. Bilin plays a significant role in various physiological processes, namely, photosynthesis, respiration, light perception, signalling, cell defence against oxidative stress, nitrate and sulfate assimilation and programmed cell death.

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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different vermicompost and zinc levels on nutrient content in plant and soil as well as yield potential of greengram in loamy sand soil at College Farm, S. K. N. College of

Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum are the two medicinal plants with fast in-vitro growth. Both the plants have high economic values. Both the plants were investigated on nodal segments and on leaves. The plants were cultured in five different conditions of medium ranging from MS1- MS5. The hormones were used in these mediums in different concentrations. BAP, NAA, Kinetin, and 2,4 D were use. The MS medium in combination with BAP (2.0 and 2.0mg/ml) with NAA 0.1 mg/ml with kinetin 0.25 mg/ml with 2-4 D were taken, where BAP 1 mg/ml with 2 mg/ml of NAA, BAP 2 mg/ml with 0.5 mg/ml of NAA showed better results with callus growth and root-shoot initiation. The best rooting medium found was MS medium supplemented with IAA and IBA 0.5mg/ each. The culture medium was used in different concentrations for estimation of primary metabolites. Maximum protein and lipid percentage were noticed in leaves of both the plants. It can be concluded that both the studied plants have high medicinal importance and can be used as raw material for industry. Keywords: - Dicoma tomentosa; Alhagi maurorum; Plant hormones; MS media.