Food loss and waste (FLW) have become one of the targets for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which was agreed to achieve in 2030. This paper aims to provide policy recommendations and strategies to reduce FLW to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security in Indonesia. This paper used secondary data from FAO, BAPPENAS, and various references. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. FAO shows that one-third of the food available for human consumption at the global level is lost or wasted during the harvest process and at home. Meanwhile, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 44% of the landfill in Indonesia is food waste. The EIU report states Indonesia is one of the largest food waste-producing countries globally, with 300 kg/capita/year. BAPPENAS estimates that the amount of FLW in Indonesia during 2000-2019 ranges from 115-184 kg/capita/year. This paper recommends the importance of formulating a national policy on FLW reduction and provision of the national FLW data. The use of technology in the food supply chain from harvested until distributed to the retail level will reduce food loss. The strategy to reduce food waste requires socialization, education, and massive movement. Early education-related culture for not to waste food are essential things to do. Implementing rules and strategies for reducing FLW will significantly increase food availability and realize sustainable food security and nutrition in Indonesia.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can face increased resistance of airflow, air trapping, and lung hyperinflation. This condition can also cause decreased lung ventilation functions. Using a pursed lips breathing exercise can strengthen respiratory muscles that can improve oxygen saturation by maintaining airflow to bronchus and its branches and alveolus which then can prevent collapse in bronchiolus. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of pursed lips breathing exercises on the oxygen saturation levels in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in Persahabatan hospital, Jakarta. The design was quasi experimental, with a control group pre-post test design. A random sampling technique was used in the study. The exercise was provided to the intervention group for six days. The findings showed that the lung ventilation function is significantly different between preand post-intervention for both groups (p=0.00). Further, the average lung ventilation function in the intervention group is significantly different from that of the control group after intervention (p=0.012). In addition, while there is a significant relationship between subject age and the increase of the lung ventilation score (p=0.001), there was no relationship between height and the increase of oxygen saturation (p=0.091) and no significant relationship between sex and the increase of oxygen saturation (p=0.346). Based on these findings, the pursed lips breathing exercise is recommended to patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in order to improve the level of oxygen saturation.   Keywords: Oxygen saturation, Pursed lips breathing exercise, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

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Morality shows people's life quality and how the moral education could influence them. The religious people have assumption that religion always teaches the followers to do AbstrakMoralitas menunjukkan kualitas kehidupan masyarakat dan bagaimana pendidikan moral bisa mempengaruhi mereka. Orang-orang beragama memiliki asumsi bahwa agama selalu mengajarkan pengikutnya untuk berbuat baik dan melarangnya melakukan kesalahan. Islam, dalam konteks Indonesia, tentu saja dipengaruhi oleh kondisi riil masyarakatnya. Sehubungan dengan ini, ada filsuf Jawa, Ki Ageng Suryomemtaram, yang memikirkan pembangunan karakter yang masih dianggap relevan. Baginya, "perasaan adalah pusat dari kepribadian setiap orang". Berdasarkan pemikirannya pada perasaan, dia membaginya menjadi empat dimensi kehidupan.

The land resource is one of the mains production factors for farmer’s households and the agricultural economy. From the land use and transformation perspective, analyse the aspects related to the dynamics of land ownership and distribution, technical, socio-economy, institutional, and policy factors, and land accessibility are needed. The objectives of this study are (1) analyze diversity of agricultural land holding at the micro, region, and macro levels; (b) describe the main factors that influence the transformation of land use; and (c) formulate strategies and policies on land resources management. The approach used in this paper is to review the results of previous PATANAS research and deepening it with information from secondary data and literatures. The study shows that the transformation constraints are the high population growth and limitation of non-agricultural employment opportunities, the fragmentation and the loss of land transactions, and land conversion. This condition implies that the government needs strategies and policies to save and utilize the potential agricultural land reserves. This effort intends to create new agricultural lands and support infrastructure to increase production and income. It will enable to accelerate transformation in the agricultural sector.