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The primary purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of South Korean women “doing serious leisure” in what is widely known as a stigmatized activity, pole dance. It seeks to understand the experiences of South Korean women participating in pole dance and to investigate the strategies that are used to cope with the stigma that is experienced during participation. A qualitative research method was applied with an “insider” approach to collecting data. Data were collected through participation observations and in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that South Korean pole participants construct unstigmatized identities through their engagement in pole with its social stereotypes and stigma. Participants’ identities have been firmly embedded as “pole dancers”, “pole athletes”, or “polers”, which they do not feel the need to elucidate to those who are not active members. Their identities are surrounded and intertwined with their rationalized reason for participating in pole dance as serious leisure, along with their individual dedication which manifests their commitment by entering competitions and upgrading their pole skills. Participants and the pole dance community create a social atmosphere where their participation is not taken with stigma but rather with serious dedication to form their own interpretation of pole dance.

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A series of 1 g shaking table model pile tests were carried out in dry and saturated dense sand to evaluate dynamic p-y curves for various conditions of the acceleration frequency, the acceleration amplitude of input loads, the flexural stiffness of the pile shaft and the mass at the pile head. The influence of each parameter on dynamic p-y curves was evaluated. Dynamic p-y backbone curves for pseudo static analysis of dense sand were proposed as hyperbolic functions by connecting the peak points of the experimental p-y curves, which correspond maximum soil resistances. In order to express the backbone curves as hyperbolic functions, empirical equations for the initial soil stiffness (k ini ) and the ultimate soil resistance (p u ) were developed, respectively, as a function of the soil friction angle and the confining stress. The herein suggested backbone curves were also compared with the currently available p-y curves.

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