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ntroduction: Evaluation for CHD lead to inadvertent radiation exposure to children. With objective of minimising radiation exposure, we developed a size based (SB) novel low kVp low dose CT protocol for pediatrics population. All CT chest examinationsMaterial and methods: performed on PHILIPS Ingenuity core 64-slice multi detector CT machine. A total of sixty children with suspected/diagnosed CHD were randomized to either novel SB protocol or machine's default AEC based low dose pediatric chest CT protocol . Our protocol consisted of keeping tube voltage 80 kVp in all patients and tube current (mA) being modulated according to size of subjects (chest circumference). All CT dose parameters (ED, CTDI vol, DLP and mA) were recorded for comparison. Image quality of the two methods compared by two radiologists blinded to the method. After analysing and comparing with other studies for all the CT dose variables we concluded that all CT radiation exposureResults: values as measured by ED, CTDI vol, SSDE, DLP were lower in SB protocol as comparison to default AEC based protocol in those corresponding to <12 months age group. In 1-5 year- ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was equivalent in both size based and AEC based low dose protocols. In 6-18 year ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was slightly higher in size based low dose protocol. In younger age group ( <12 months of age) SBConclusion: protocol should be preferred as compared to default machine protocol. In children with >1 years of age , low dose AEC protocol is better from perspective of radiation exposure.

Purpose To evaluate differences in diffusion imaging parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), in control and diabetic subjects, and to assess changes in these parameters to patient’s urine albumin/protein levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ). Material and methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study involving 100 patients who underwent diffusion imaging including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the kidneys in our hospital from 2019 to 2020. Diffusion imaging parameters (ADC and FA) were obtained from the medulla and cortex of both kidneys using dedicated software. Statistical analysis was done. Results Out of 100 subjects, 27 were controls and 73 were diabetics (19 normoalbuminuric, 23 microalbuminuric, and 31 proteinuric). The medullary FA (0.419 ± 0.024 vs. 0.346 ± 0.042), cortical FA (0.194 ± 0.035 vs. 0.303 ± 0.067), and cortical ADC (3.307 ± 0.341 vs. 2.309 ± 0.515) values showed significant differences between controls and diabetics. Medullary FA and cortical ADC values showed a decreasing trend with an increasing amount of albumin/protein in the urine, decreasing renal function (reducing eGFR), and increasing HbA 1c , whereas the trend was opposite for cortical FA. In addition, on ROC curve analysis a cut-off value for medullary FA of 0.4 had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 80.95% to differentiate healthy volunteers and diabetics with normo-albuminuria. Conclusions DTI has the potential to be a promising non-invasive test for the detection of early renal parenchymal changes in diabetic nephropathy.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the commonest form of contraceptive method in use globally. IUDs like other methods of contraception may be associated with its own complications. The major risk includes uterine perforation with embedment, migration, and/or expulsion. A 35 year old female who had a history of postpartum IUD insertion 10 years ago was referred to our institute with complains of severe lower abdominal pain and vomiting since 10 days. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound (TAS/TVS) were done. Ultrasound led to the final diagnosis of ovarian embedment of the IUD. Laparotomy with IUD removal was successfully performed. This case report highlights one of the rare complications of IUD migrating to the left ovary in a patient presenting with lower abdominal pain. In a patient with history an IUD insertion in situ, lower abdominal pain and missing threads on examination should wary the gynaecologist to the possibility of total or partial transmigration of the device into the pelvis or abdomen.