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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inflammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inflammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clinic at Tikrit city from May 2019 to November 2019. Age, in both patients and control groups, ranged between (18-50) years, they had assay of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Leptin, Adiponectin, and C-reactive protein. The present study shows that (IL-1, Leptin, and CRP) levels were higher in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients than control, while (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and ADP) levels were lower; therefore, cytokines can play an essential role in RA pathogenesis. The current study may bring attention to adiponectin and leptin for their roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Special consideration was devoted to those proteins, which act on cells associated with RA, also for possible usage of these protein levels as potential biomarkers for the disease activity and therapeutic response.

Background and objectives: For COVID-19 patients who need effective management, it is necessary to identify the laboratory biomarkers of progression approaching morbidity and mortality. This study aims to demonstrate numerous biochemical tests that seriously afflicted individuals. Such as ferritin, Interleukin-6 (IL6), D-dimer, Uric acid (UA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been proposed as disease biomarkers. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 30 healthy individuals. In addition, other 60 patients confirmed by RT-PCR as COVID-19 positive after 3 to 5 days followed up with them every five days for fifteen days from the beginning of symptoms for the above parameters. All patients attended Isolated Hospital in Tikrit City / Iraq from February to June 2021. Results: Ferritin, D-dimer, IL6, CRP, LDH, and UA gradually increased to the maximum mean (1138±782.7, 1155±400.42, 23.28±4.73, 104.86±53.69, 424.91±95.4 and 5.94±1.765.94±1.76) respectively after (8-10) days and return to normal range after 15 days. Conclusion: There is a significant association of these parameters with inflammatory prognosis in COVID-19 patients.