Objective:The goal of performing this study is to prepare an oral strip, especially designed for pediatric use that provides fast onset of action with ease of swallowing particularly for young individuals who suffer from difficulty of swallowing, in addition provides maximum therapeutic effectiveness by reducing the first pass effect. Materials and Methods:The oral strip was prepared by solvent casting technique through using different sole polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [HPMC] 15cp, HPMC 50cp, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Maltodextrin (MD) was added as the secondary polymer in different ratios to optimize the release parameters, and disintegration time (DT), three different plasticizers were employed (propylene glycol, dibutyl phthalate, and glycerin) to boost the film forming polymer characteristics.Results: From this study, it is obvious that F10 which composed of HPMC as a main polymer and MD as a secondary polymer in ratio 2:1, respectively, provides adequate physicochemical characteristics, in vitro/in vivo DT DT (40/36 s), respectively, nevertheless a satisfactory release parameters as (59.9%) released at 2 min and 80% of drug released at 14.8 min. Conclusion:The optimized formula is pretty encouraging to originate an oral strip that provides ease of administration, fast onset of action with wide acceptance for the pediatric population.

Multiparticulate drug delivery systems extend the frontier of pharmaceutical progress future by offering marvellous prospects for designing unique controlled and delayed-release oral preparations. Beads are composed of many distinct units. The preparation of microbeads drug delivery system is one of the alternatives which include neither utilization of harsh chemical nor raised temperature. This presented review gives a special emphasis on beads technology, ionic gelation and modified methodologies for preparation of beads. In general, the ionic gelation method mainly relies on the cross-linking between polyelectrolytes counterions and eventually, hydrogels will be formed. Natural origin polysaccharides biopolymers utilization has been widely augmented especially in controlled \ sustained formulation; accordingly, an eco-friendly pharmaceutical product can be provided. Furthermore, the review shed light on merits, limitations, promising polymers involved in the preparation, recent advances of multiple-unit drug delivery system approach based on Ionotropic gelation method, pharmaceutical application, and several basic evaluation characteristics.

Objective: Drug delivery to ocular tissues is challenging due to rapid removal of instilled drug due to low resident time in ocular tissues. The aim of the study was to formulate an ophthalmic emulgel that delivers two drugs (betamethasone sodium phosphate [BSP] and levofloxacin). The new combination will allow the simultaneous administration and extended release of the two drugs which potentially improve resident time in ocular tissues, patient compliance, and adherence to treatment. Materials and Methods: Formulations containing different gelling agents at different concentrations were prepared to choose the optimum combination regarding physical properties and release. The emulgel formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 were made using gelling agent 1% and 2% xanthan gum, 1% carbopole 934, and 2% methyl cellulose, respectively. F5 was formulated using 2% methyl cellulose with double the amount of poloxamer 188 as emulsifying agent. All the formulations were examined regarding their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimum formula was also examined for antibacterial activity. Results: The results demonstrated that F5 was the optimum formulation having a proper physical characteristics and release profile of both drugs, 96% and 90% for BSP and levofloxacin, respectively, compared to other formulations and commercial eye drops. Conclusion: Simultaneous and extended release of the two drugs was achieved using one formulation of emulgel. The ability to deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug through the same formulation without the need to use two drops will improve patient compliance and hence patient adherence to treatment.

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The lack of age-appropriate and child -friendly formulation of medication for children poses a major challenge to pediatric therapeutic practice, adherence, and health care delivery worldwide, however, formulation acceptability and preferences facilitate medication   adherence in children, and they are important factors in achieving the intended treatment outcomes in which this study looks ahead. The present study aims to determine the various medication trends of children through their parents and caregivers, child preference of certain dosage form (chewable gel) in comparison with another solid dosage forms and its popularity among Iraqi primary school, furthermore the study highlights different variables influence student preference for chewable gel.  A total of 230 Iraqi primary school students were randomly selected and interviewed with the presence of their parents. It was observed that (51.3%) of the parents/caregivers reported that the liquid dosage form is the most dosage form that commonly used, (72%) of consumers revealed that the capsules and tablets are not easy to swallow, furthermore,   this study revealed that (68.6%)  of school students preferred to take medication as chewable gel over than other oral solid dosage forms ,and this preference varied significantly with several socioeconomic and other factors.