This study aims to determine whether the CLT method improves students' English vocabulary mastery before and after learning using the CLT method. This is a quantitative study with a pre-experimental design. In this research design, the researcher only uses one class as an experimental class which was given treatment in the form of vocabulary learning using the CLT method. However, before the treatment was given, students would be given a test in the form of a pre-test and post-test that aimed to see the effect of the CLT method in improving students' vocabulary skills. The data from the test was collected and then the data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The population used was all students of SMP Negeri 50 Halmahera Selatan and all were selected as samples in this study. The instrument used to collect quantitative data in this study was a vocabulary test. This test is in the form of multiple choice consisting of 30 question items. Tests distributed before and after the treatment were given as pre-test and post-test. In addition to comparing the significance value (Sig.) with a probability of 0.05, the authors also compared the t-count value with the t-table to test the hypothesis that had been made previously. The t count based on the result of paired sample test is 38,076 and the t table based on the value of df (34) is 2,042. This shows that the value of t arithmetic (37.769) > t table (2.042) it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. In other words, there is an average difference between the learning outcomes of the pre-test and post-test, which means the CLT method improves the students’ English vocabulary at SMP Negeri 50 Halmahera Selatan.

The quality of learning relies on the teacher, serving as a critical factor in determining its effectiveness. This study aims to develop a teacher competency model through Lesson Study (LS) activities. Model competence refers to the regulation of Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture No 6565 in 2020. This study applied the qualitative descriptive research design. It utilized the lesson study approach in developing EFL teacher's professional knowledge competence, professional learning practice competence, and career professional development. The participants involved four EFL Teachers at Senior High School 10 Ternate City Indonesia. They consisted of one male and three females. Four EFL teachers were selected through purposive sampling with four criteria: (a) sex, (b) age, (c) teaching experience (d) educational background, and, (e) job status. Furthermore, the study data were obtained through three LS phases (plan, teach/do, and reflect/see) for four cycles. A 4-point Likert scale ((1=Thriving; 2= Capable; 3 = Worth; and 4 = advanced) was utilized to measure lesson study profile aspects on the development of EFL Teachers' Model competencies and it is an effect on students’ communication and critical thinking skills. Data was gained by a 4-point Likert scale calculated with frequency and presentation formula through Microsoft Excel Windows 10. The result showed that LS activities impacted the development of knowledge competencies, professional learning practices, and professional development of EFL teachers in learning English. It also improves communication, critical thinking, and student enthusiasm for English learning in class. This study provides opportunities for teachers to share knowledge, good learning practices, and experience, as well as reflect and learn to collaborate professionally. This study represents a unique contribution by integrating three models of teacher competence as an effort to adjust the Independent Curriculum.

This study aims to identify and to classify shifts in English-Indonesian translation. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The research was conducted at the fourth-semester students of English Language Education Study Program, Khairun University which consists of two classes, 78 students. The data were collected through tests and interviews. The researcher classifies the data into five categories of shifts based on Catford's classification. That involves level shift, and category shifts which consist of structure shifts, unit shifts, intra-system shifts, and class shifts.The English-Indonesian translation which is analyzed through descriptive analysis technique showed the results, with the percentage of Structure Shifts (SS) 73.06%, Unit Shift (US) 7.69%, Class Shifts (CS) 8.97%, Intra System Shifts (ISS) 5.76%, and Level Shifts (LS) 4.48%.

This research aims to identify whether students’ background knowledge influenced the translated texts from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). This research employs descriptive qualitative method design throught the use of semi-structured interviews and observation in one of the state universities in east Indonesia. The participants in this research included 30 students. The documents as students' target texts were used as primary data and the transcripts of semi-structured interviews were used as supporting data. To Analyse the data, the researchers used qualitative ways. Data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification were used to reveal students’ background knowledge of translation. The data showed that most of the students need background knowledge in the translation of source language into the target language. These reasons confirm that there is a close relationship between background knowledge and translation. It means that in an interlingual translation, even if translators are bilinguals and master the grammar of a language, background knowledge of a text should also be dominated. Moreover, background knowledge is not a single problem for translators, there are also other problems that were found in students’ translation namely new words, complex sentences, reading comprehension, and expression in the target language.

The study focuses on the usefulness and the use of language as an instrument to associate a group of people in the society, both in the large and in the small groups to fulfill their everyday needs. They were described in the form of ideas and arguments that were investigated in the form of activities of library research design. The data were collected from many references both primary and secondary ones in terms of the topic. The primary data dealt with the roles and functions of language in terms of the usefulness and the usage of language in society. The findings of the study showed that language is used as an important instrument to connect people in many aspects of human life consisting of language in the world of education, language in the world of science and technology, language in economic and business contexts, language in the social and political contexts, language in the aspects of national defense and security, language and international relation.