The sealing ability was maximum in Ketac Molar, Zirconomer, Ceram-x, and Giomer whereas the compressive strength was maximum for Giomer followed by Ceram-x, Zirconomer, and Ketac Molar.

PurposeThe present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation.Materials and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups.ResultsThe most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate.ConclusionThe knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.

IntrOductIOnThe goal of root canal obturation is to obtain a three dimensional seal of the root canal system. An inadequate filling during obturation can results in reentry and re-growth of microorganisms in the root canal system which irritates the periapical tissue and compromises the treatment success [1].To accomplish this many endodontic obturation materials and sealers are being used [2]. Guttapercha is a commonly used root canal filling material which is used with different types of endodontic sealers. Sealers aim to prevent ingress of bacteria in the root canal space [3]. There are different types of endodontic sealers available that have been introduced in the market with varying physical properties [4]. According to their bases, root canal sealers are calcium hydroxide based sealers i.e., Sealapex, Resin based sealers i.e., AH26 and Adseal, Solvent based sealers i.e., Chloropercha, Glass inomer based sealers i.e., Ketac Endo, Silicone based sealers i.e., Lee Endo Fill and MTA based sealers i.e., Pro Root MTA, MTA Fillapex.One of the recent epoxy resin based sealer is Adseal, with excellent chemical, physical properties and sealing ability. These characteristics are responsible for the superiority of this sealer over the other epoxy resin based sealers [5].MTA is being used for pulp capping, apexification, perforation repair, root-end filling material and for pulpotomy. In 1993, US Federal Drug Administration gave acceptance to MTA and it became commercially available as ProRoot MTA. Pro Root MTA is calcium silicate-containing MTA that is used as an endodontic sealer [6].Recently, several new products of MTA have been introduced such as MTA Fillapex, Micro Mega MTA and Bioaggregate [7]. The use of these MTA based sealers is being considered as a revolution in Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry [4]. AImThe present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage of a resin based sealer; Adseal with MTA based sealers, Pro Root MTA and MTA Fillapex using dye penetration technique under Stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. mAterIAls And methOdsThe present study was conducted in the Department of Paediartic and Preventive Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India from April 2015 to November 2015 time period. The present study was an in-vitro cross-sectional study. A total of 75 freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were used as study samples. Teeth with root fracture, root caries, open apices, developmental anomaly and external and internal root resorption were excluded from the study. These teeth were cleaned with hand scalers and soaked in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for two hours and then stored in a solution containing thymol crystals. The teeth were decoronated using diamond disk at the cement-enamel junction uniformly and were then mounted in freshly mixed alginate in uniformly sized plastic containers. The root canal access was prepared using endo access bur and working length was determined using appropriate K-file. Standard...

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of methods proposed by Tanaka and Johnston, Moyers, and Bernabé and Flores-Mir to forecast the mesiodistal dimensions of permanent canine and premolars in a North Indian population. Methods:Mesiodistal tooth dimensions were measured from study models representing 68 male and 68 female subjects (aged 12-16 years) of North Indian descent. The mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured using a digital Vernier caliper (providing measurements to 0.01 mm accuracy). The measurements of canine and premolars were summed up and compared with those derived from Tanaka and Johnston equations, Moyers probability tables (75 th percentile), and Bernabé and Flores-Mir equations. Results:All the three methods exhibited overestimation of actual sum of permanent canine and premolars in both the arches and genders in this population. Because of the discrepancy observed, new regression analyses in the form of Y = A + B (X) were formulated similar to those proposed by Tanaka and Johnston originally, but separately for males and females. In males, the correlation coefficient between the sum of mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors and the sum of widths of canine and premolars was 0.637 and 0.685 for maxilla and mandible, respectively. This value was 0.55 for maxilla and 0.64 for mandible in females. These values were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: All the methods evaluated in the study were found to be inaccurate and they overestimate the mesiodistal widths of permanent canine and premolars in North Indian population. Revised linear regression equations were derived using the data obtained from this population. (Biomed J 2015;38:450-455)

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