In contrast to traditional approaches to research, participatory action research calls for the active involvement of the community—including both the beneficiaries and providers of sport services—in defining research problems, executing interventions, interpreting results, and designing strategies to change existing power structures. The purpose of this paper was to analyze a participatory action research project designed to increase the access of women living below the poverty line and their families to local physical activity services. A framework developed by Green et al. (1995) formed the basis of the analysis. To place the analysis in context, the historical origins and theoretical assumptions underlying participatory action research were addressed. The case of the Women's Action Project demonstrated how the process can result in a more inclusive local sport system and, at the same time, provide a rich setting for examining organizational dynamics including collaborative decision-making, community partnerships, power imbalances, resource control, resistance to change, and nonhierarchical structures.

The results of this study affirm the need for longitudinal research that examines the associations among hope, perceived maternal empathy, medical regimen adherence, and glycemic control.

At the frontiers of an active area of science, social large number of contacts and who were differentiated structure based upon communication is demonstrated. from others by greater productivity, higher citation Using sociometric techniques, an informal communicarecord and wider readership. Information transferred tion network was identified which included 73 yo of the to these scientists is so situated that it could be transscientists. Within the network was a core group of mitted to 95% of the network scientists through one scientists who were the focus of a disproportionately intermediary scientist or less.

Misrepresentation in research is clearly a problem today. In the environment of big science, with accelerating competition, increased rewards for discovery and uncertainties of long-range outcome, two important checks on quality control-peer review and the replication of results-are more difficult to accomplish effectively. Additionally, the new information technology now enables scientists to communicate outside established channels where their work is judged. However, it is argued that science is a self-correcting system and errors that are inadvertent or deliberate will be corrected over time.

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