Background: Hand washing is the most effective method of preventing the transmission of diseases through hands.Objective: To identify relationships between gender, availability of hand washing facilities, perception of barriers toward hand washing compliance and subjective norm in implementing hand washing practice among students of public elementary school in Belitung district, Indonesia.Method: A cross-sectional research study was used in this study. Of 309 participants were recruited in 11 public elementary schools from 3 sub districts that has been implemented the hand washing program in Belitung, Indonesia. Purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. This study was used a self-administered questionnaire with minimal interference in order to minimize bias and by emphasizing to the students that this is not an examination.Results: The results showed that 71.8% of the students were not hand washing properly. It also showed that availability of hand washing facilities and gender were not related with hand washing behavior. In regards of barrier perception toward hand washing compliance also showed that was not related to hand washing practice among elementary schools students. However, subjective norm (c² =4.459, p < .05) was related to hand washing practice among elementary schools students.Conclusion: Subjective norm has a significant relationship to hand washing behavior. Thus health care provider could develop specific intervention programs based on TPB to promote subjective norm among elementary schools students since this norm or perception of norm can motivate hand washing behavior among elementary schools students effectively.

Background: Flooding is recognizing as a risk element that effect many difficulties to children and could impact to their academic performance. In order to buffer such risk condition, some abilities are required to overcome that situation. One of abilities is resilience. The main purpose of this study was to investigate predictor of internal factors (age, illness, gender, emotion, behaviour, spirituality and physical activity) in resilience of elementary school-aged children who exposed the major flood in Serang, Indonesia. The framework used in this study was Resilience Model proposed by Karol Kumpfer.Methods: A cross-sectional correlation design was employed to accomplishing the study. The total final samples were 162 children who were 9-12 years and who were studied in 3rd to 6th years. All of them are those who were exposed to major flood in Undar Andir, Serang, Indonesia in 2013. The instruments used were self-report questionnaires. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale- 10, The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and The Physical Activity Questionnaire were utilized in this study after the validity and reliability test. Pearson’s correlation, point biserial and multiple regressions were employed for analysing data.Results: The results showed that there were significant correlated between behaviour (r = 0.157, p <0.05), spirituality (r = 0.261, p<0.01), physical activity (r = 0.185, p<0.05), and resilience of children. However, age, illness, gender, and emotion were not significantly correlated with resilience. In multiple regressions, spirituality showed as a predictor of resilience (Beta = 0.213, p <0.05) in children after exposing the flood.Conclusions: In conclusions, flooding is considered as a risk for children. In order to prevent the potential problems due to flood, children need protective factor. This study discovered that high spirituality increases resilience of children. Therefore, spirituality is well thought-out as an internal protective factor of resilience. This study suggested the developing of nursing intervention with religion-activities.

This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers' behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years in Buol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300 mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square (χ²) test was used to determine a significant association between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers' behaviors included perceived susceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceived barriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors (p < .01, p < .01, p < .01, and p < .01 respectively). Further, mothers had high perception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors were highly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must consider negative aspects. KeywordsMothers' perceptions and behaviors, preventing diarrhea, children aged 1-5 years

Diarrhea causes severe dehydration and depleted nutrients due to the decreased nutritional intake, resulting in malnutrition in children. Diarrhea can also lead to death from dehydration if untreated. Globally, about 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhea occurred in 2017. In Indonesia, deaths caused by diarrhea in 2020 accounted for 4.55% of the 250,600 deaths of children under five years old and 9.8% of the 20,266 deaths of newborns. This study aimed to determine the predictors of mothers’ behavior in preventing diarrhea in children under five years old. The sample included mothers with children aged 1 - 5 years, who were recruited using purposive sampling. Roughly 300 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire. Binary regression was used to measure associations between predictors and mothers’ behaviors. The results showed that the factors that significantly predicted mothers’ behaviors included perceived susceptibility to diarrhea (p < 0.01), perceived severity of diarrhea (p < 0.01), perceived barriers to diarrhea prevention behaviors (p < 0.01) and perceived self-efficacy in diarrhea prevention behaviors (p < 0.01). The model developed could predict 39.2% of the variation in mothers’ behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children. The strongest predictor of mothers’ behaviors was perceived selfefficacy in diarrhea prevention behaviors. The odds of carrying out good prevention behaviors were ten times greater for mothers who had a high level of perceived self-efficacy in preventing diarrhea in children. These results indicated that those who believe in their ability to succeed in performing an action can perform healthy behaviors. Keywords: perceived, mothers, behavior, diarrhea