Bioremediasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi telah diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup nomor 128 Tahun 2003. Salah satu faktor yang menentukankeberhasilan penerapan bioremediasi adalah ketersediaan mikroorganisme yang mampu mendegradasi cemaran minyak bumi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi konsorsium bakteri hidrokarbonklastik dari sampel tanah tercemar minyak bumi yang diperoleh dari Riau dan Bojonegoro. Dari hasil seleksi dan optimasibakteri pada berbagai sampel tanah diperoleh empat isolate/konsorsium bakteri yang mampu mendegradasi minyak bumi, dengan kode konsorsium Ristek122-2.3;Ristek122-5; Ristek122-BN5; 122-Mix. Berdasarkan identifikasi dan uji biokimia, konsorsium bakteri terdiri dari bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik yang mampu menghasilkanbiosurfaktan. Produksi biosurfaktan mampu menurunkan tegangan permukaan sehingga bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik mampu bekerja secara optimal.

Biosurfactants are surface-active substances derived from living organisms, especially microorganisms. Bacterial strains used are consisted of four bacterial strains, coded I, LESR 1, LESR 2 and LESR 3, which previously isolated from petrochemical wastes. Two isolates, coded I and LESR 3 respectively, were potential biosurfactant producers. Both were identified as Gram-positive bacteria. Isolate I is a mixture of streptobacilli and diplobacilli, while isolate LESR3 is streptobacilli. Both isolates were able to emulsify gasoline at temperature of 28 0 C and 80 0 C, respectively, at salinity of 4%. The biosurfactant ability to increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds enhances the bacterial performance in remediation of oil-contaminated soil.

Air contamination by semi volatile organic compounds including toxic polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been a matter of global concern due to the important atmospheric transportation in contribution to their widely distribution in environment. This study aims at elucidating the levels and spatial distribution of PBDEs in the atmosphere derived from polyurethane foam passive air sampler (PUF-PAS) and identify potential sources in Batam Island. Fifteen PUF-PAS were deployed in various locations representing different background activities. After deployment around 2.5 months, PUFs were analyzed for forty-two PBDEs congeners from mono- to deca-BDE congeners using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. PBDEs were widely detected ranging 7.2 – 2900 pg/m3. Significant high concentrations of PBDEs were found at public service areas than offices, residential and remote areas (p<0.05). In particular, high concentration was found in Marina Tanjung Riau (2900 pg/m3), whereas other locations were much lower including electronic shop (50 pg/m3), dumping site area (7.2-15 pg/m3), which indicating specific emission sources according to location. The PBDEs profiles are predominated by BDE-209 congener on average 81% (36-100) while other congeners were lower. This suggest that the presence of PBDEs in Batam Island is mainly due to the commercial formulation of Deca-BDE, of which consistent with its high consumption in Asia.