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Questions of efficiency increase of human resource management are one of the most discussed by scientists of different countries in the last decades. This is due to many reasons and above all, the increasing human impact on the competitiveness of modern organizations, constantly changing external conditions of their functioning and the necessity of taking into account country and industry specifics. Effective management of human resources is one of the necessary conditions for the competitiveness of modern enterprises. The main tool of this management is program development of human resources. The article presents an overview of the key areas in the field of human resource development programs (HRD programs), the necessity of their agreement with the enterprise development strategy and consideration of influence on organizational effectiveness. The authors have presented a causal model of the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and labour performance and researched the procedure justifying the selection of HR practices. The article presents a cognitive map of the impact of human resources on the results of company operations. The analysis of cognitive map has allowed the researchers to reveal the structure of the problem (situation), to find the most significant factors affecting it and to carry out a reasonable choice of control actions to achieve objectives. The stages and tools for developing HRD programs on the basis of application of cognitive modelling are presented here. This fact has allowed us to evaluate the impact of HR practices on key indicators of organization performance at the design stage. In conclusion the authors have noted that it is necessary to consider the indirect effects of HR practices on the performance of organization and relationships between various aspects of human resources management . In this regard it seems appropriate to use wider application in the field of cognitive modeling and simulation. According to the authors this approach will accomplish the quantitative assessment of the impact of HR practices on organizational effectiveness at the stage of designing the programme of human resource development. At the same time it provides the possibility of"situational" factors accounting for a particular organization.

Digitalization of tourism in the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the increasing importance of tourism, not only as a way to spend leisure time, but also as a branch of the economy that can generate a significant income and ensure territorial development. Despite a large number of diverse tourism resources in the country, tourism development was highly uneven, concentrating in a limited number of regions. Information technology and especially the Internet has greatly toughened global competition over tourist flows. In today’s world, tourists would rather visit a place about which they can get sufficient information and where a trip can be easily arranged. The role of national and regional tourist web portals, supported by relevant government agencies, is significantly increasing in this context. The tourist information infrastructure should not only provide up-to-date and complete information, but also ensure usability for the tourist (including independent). Tourism within St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region is featured by rather close links between the regions and unification of tourist flows between them. Both regions have a significant quantity of tourist resources, which ensures development of various types of tourism. Creation of the ‘silver Necklace’ interregional route consolidated further integration between tourist resources of the neighboring regions. Tourist portals of these regions, nevertheless, significantly differ in their content and interactive capabilities. As part of the study, the information presented on tourist portals of Russia, St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region in terms of implementing interactive services was reviewed.