Cerebral proliferative angiopathy is a rare type of cerebral vascular malformation. It shows distinct angiomorphological features with a clinical presentation that differs to that of classic arteriovenous malformation of the brain. We describe a 15-year-old girl who presented with recurrent headache and limb weakness. A subsequent angiographic diagnosis of cerebral proliferative angiopathy was made. The clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment of this condition are reviewed.

In imaging of the head and neck regions, the dental space is an area which many radiologists are less familiar with and which often does not receive adequate attention. Dental and periodontal pathologies are hence often overlooked and underreported in daily practice. This article reviews the normal anatomy and imaging findings of the common pathologies in the dental region. Dental infection and inflammation are commonly encountered and have a variety of manifestations with different degrees of severity, ranging from asymptomatic incidental findings, local infection confined within the dental space, and inflammation of the adjacent paranasal sinuses (i.e. odontogenic sinusitis), to severe and extensive deep neck infection. Odontogenic cysts and neoplasms are occasionally seen, most of which are benign. The challenge in the imaging of these lesions is to distinguish them from other mandibular lesions that demonstrate similar radiological appearances. A detailed clinical history and careful imaging interpretation are very helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis and guiding management. Developmental anomalies (eg, supernumerary teeth, ectopic tooth) of the dentition are usually isolated incidental findings or a manifestation of a syndromal disease such as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and cleidocranial dysostosis. Finally, dental injury should be carefully evaluated in the context of head and neck trauma, including injury to the tooth itself, the periodontal structures and the associated complications (eg, aspiration of fractured tooth). Learning and becoming familiar with the basic dental anatomy and common pathologies are essential in identifying diseases and making accurate diagnoses.

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This study was approved by institutional review board (Ref: HKECREC-2017-046). Informed consent was obtained from patients' parents and / or guardians for the examination. The requirement of informed consent for publication of results was waived by the institutional review board.