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Abstract:Based on the fact that urinary hypocalciuria in pre-eclampsia this study was designed to determine the predictive value of calcium to creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample in second trimester of pregnancy. The calcium to creatinine ratio Calcium/creatinine ratio has been considered for early detection of pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, calcium/creatinine ratio Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PET) is one of the fatal complication of pregnancy. It is a pregnancy induced auto-intoxication with multi-system disorder of unknown etiology which is associated with triad of oedema, hypertension and proteinuria occurs mostly in nullipara after 20th week of gestation and most frequently near term. 1,2 Early test for prediction of PET previously reported are platelet count,hematocrit,serum uric acid and microalbuminuria are poor predictor of PET. Fibrinectin, urinary calcium excretion, roll over test, Doppler ultrasound showed contradictory and non-conclusive. Isometric exercise test showed predictive value but only two studies performed. Angiotensin II sensitivity test best predictive value but clinically not practiced. There is no test that fulfils all criteria established to be a good predictor of PET. 3 It has been found that increased urinary albumin and decreased calcium excretion may be an early marker for pre-peclampsia. 4 Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio less than or equal to 0.04 which may be an early marker for useful screening tool in predicting the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia. 5 So determination of calcium/creatinine ratio may easily predict the case of PET because previously it was reported that 24 hrs. urine samples can be replaced by a single voided urine. 6,7,8,9 But no data is available on this aspect in our country. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the relationship between PET, hypocalciurea and calcium to creatinine ratio for early prediction of PET in a spot urine sample. Materials And Methods:This is a non-interventional perspective cross sectional study that was approved by the institutional thesis review board of Rajshahi Medical College and it was also carried out on total number of 60 women with age ranged from 17-39 years of the m 30 normotensive gravid women and 30 suspected PET women were taken as study population. All the subjects were selected from department of obstetrics and gynecology, outdoor and indoor, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. A complete obstetrical history, clinical examination and necessary investigations were done to exclude other conditions affecting urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. All the subjects were taken from middle and lower middle socioeconomic classes. Urinary calcium, urinary creatinine and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were determined by using reagent kits Human and Tradesworth Germany. Calcium was measured by o-cresolpthelein complexions method & creatinine was measured by alkaline picrate method of Jaffe 10,11 in the department of Pharmacology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi. The signific...

Porokeratosis is a clonal disorder of epidermal keratinization, which is characterized by hyperkeratotic papules or plaques that are surrounded by a thread-like elevated border. The histopathologic hallmark of porokeratosis is the cornoid lamella, which is a thin column of parakeratosis that overlies a thin or absent granular layer and that corresponds to the raised, hyperkeratotic border. Porokeratosis has five clinical types and malignant degeneration has been described in all forms of porokeratosis. We report a forty five year old farmer with a large plaque in chest for 30 years and multiple nodules within the large plaque for 2 years. A section of skin from margin of the plaque reveals histopathological features of porokeratosis and section from nodules reveals an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of porokeratosis transformed to squamous cell carcinoma on Bangladesh.