Three of Light Foamed Concrete (LFC) have been obtain by using different formula of Cement:Aggregates. The brick was locate into a closed Perspex box and the net of 222Rn concentration level have been measured for 5 consecutive days. The results show the LFC 3 has produced the lowest of net 222Rn concentration level in air, followed by LFC 2 and LFC 1, respectively. The result also show the 222Rn concentration level have been influenced by the temperature and relative humidity in air.

Fiber is one of the famous waste material in this country and fibre also can be used in order to increase the mechanical properties of concrete. Mechanical properties of concrete will be testing such compression strength and splitting tensile strength. Concrete has low tensile strength due to the brittleness properties. The coconut coir fibre processed by using the fabricated. Then the coconut coir fibre will be a sink in sodium hydroxide for 1 week and in pure water for 2 weeks at room temperature. The authorities that are already going through under treatment gave coconut coir fibre and it had been cut into a size of 25mm to 30mm. Three different ratios used in this research, which is 3%, 4% and 5% of coconut coir fibre as an additive to the concrete. There will be two types of specimens, which are cube size of 100mm x 100mm and cylinder 100mm diameter with 200mm length. All the samples cured in a water tank for 7 and 28days. The rate that had been using for this compression strength and splitting tensile strength follow the British Standard (BS 1881-116:1983). This research outcome is the addition of coconut coir fibre with concrete to increase the compression strength of the cube sample but it has lower strength than normal concrete. Meanwhile, for the splitting tensile strength of this reinforced concrete with coconut coir fibre as an additive has higher strength than normal concrete. The result proved that the addition of fibre will increase the mechanical properties of concrete but at the same time, it will decrease the workability of concrete.

This research is used to crank start automotive vehicle. There are many different system used in order to start-up vehicles using electric starter, in the time of battery low-power or totally drained. The purpose of this research is to help the driver to get out of this difficulty. Nowadays there are many people that have experienced such a bad moment, where they are stranded at road side due to malfunction starter in their car because of battery problem. Most of the vehicle electric starter failure is because of battery corrosion or battery undercharged. The importance of this research is to solve this problem. Starter is a vital part of the vehicle, without it no automotive vehicles able to operate. These starters will rotate an internal-combustion engine to initiate the engine’s operation under its own power. Starters also can be malfunction too due to corroded electrical connections or an undercharged battery. This system can be used to solve this problem. This system used human energy by using mechanical parts in order to produce electrical power. In order to produce electrical current, workforce will be applied by rotating the wheel that already linked by belt and from that rotations will trigger a magnetic force and it will produce an electrical current and supply it into battery. This system is divided into two development; hardware development and software development. The hardware development involved, mechanical device which is used and electrical device such as monitor. For software development, Fritzing is used to construct circuit.

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process. It contains a high concentration of protein. Rice brans are frequently utilized as feed cattle, fertilizer, and fuel. However, their application as human nutrition supplements is uncommon, and the necessary process for this purpose is yet to be established, including the drying process. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the spray-drying parameters, the inlet temperature, inlet flowrate, and inlet air flowrate, on rice bran protein (RBP) powder and optimize it using response surface methodology (RSM). A thermal water-based extraction method was utilized prior to the drying process. The correlation between the spray-drying parameters, i.e., the inlet temperature (120 to 210 °C), feed flowrate (5 to 55%), and air flowrate (246 to 670 L/h), and the RBP yield were investigated. The quality of the RBP powder was evaluated based on acid amino profiling in the mixture through de novo peptide sequencing. The optimized operating conditions for the maximum yield of RBP powder (25.7 g RBP/100 g RRB) are 178 °C, feed flowrate of 25%, and air flowrate of 450 L/h. The main peptides that contribute to RBP powder protein are globulin and glutelin; meanwhile, prolamin is believed to degrade during the drying process. The process also produced protein sugar, helping to produce fine particles powder without the drying agent.

Rice bran is a by-product resulting from the milling process that is frequently underutilized as cattle food or disposed through open-burning despite of its high nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Thus, this research aims in recognizing and exploring rice bran and its extraction methods that could further cultivate in the industry. This study focuses on the rice bran extraction process using water assisted with ultrasonication. The relationship between the operational parameters such as the temperature, extraction time and sample-to-solvent ratio to the protein yield were studied. The rice bran protein was subjected to the surface functional group analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a conclusion, the extraction temperature of 60°C, sample to solvent ratio of 10 % and extraction time of 25 mins were chosen as the best conditions for the protein extraction. The extraction of the protein from rice bran is highly profitable due to its nutritional and nutraceutical properties as well as it is readily available at low cost.