Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of knee osteoarthritis treatment with Maitland technique over general exercises in aged female patients. Methodology A Cross sectional experimental study was performed on 80 osteoarthritic female patients of age between 45-60 years which were randomly selected from LNH. They were divided into 2 groups of 40 patients each. Group A received Maitland technique application while Group B received general knee ROM ex's. All participants have received 24 sessions of Maitland and general exercises. Data has been collected and analyzed on SPSS 20through assessment form used by Physiotherapist via pre-and post-evaluation of Visual Analogue Scale, Muscle Power, Muscle Tone and Range of Motion. Results The results revealed that Group A having vasual analogue scale score =5.4 ±0.9, while Group B having vasual analogue scale score=6.25±1.4, the muscle power was 5.0±4.8 in group A, while in group B it was4.05 ±0.58, Geno-Flexion of group A was 129.5±5.2, GenoFlexion of group B was 121.57±10.9. The results of all tests were significant with the P-value < 0.05 of Group A as compared to B. Discussion During the OA of knee joint the decrement of a proteoglycan content of cartilage and the disintegration of collagen fibers occurs, which leads to rise in water content so there will be loss of osmotic pressure. The net result will be the degradation of cartilage, as proteoglycan has protective effects on collagen fibers. Conclusion It was concluded that Maitland technique relieved more effectively the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in females than general exercises.

Background: Addiction is the behavior of a human in which they depend fully on the substance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, over 1.1 billion people smoked tobacco whereas; over 2.14 billion people used social networks. The objective of this study is to assess that is there any similarity between the addiction level of smoking and social network usage. Methodology: This is a Cross-sectional study in which 80 participants were selected on a convenience based sampling of age 18-25 which were divided into group A (social media users) and group B (smokers). Inclusion criteria for Group A were Social network user since 5 years with user I.Ds on more than 2 social network sites and check notifications every minute however group B includes smokers who were smoking since last 5 years (1 packet per day) with no known co-morbid. All participants were asked to fill the questionnaire constructed on the basis of the Bergen Addiction Scale (BAS). Blood pressure measurement and time required to complete the cognitive task was also recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Result: Results showed 30% mild addictors, 30% moderate addictors and 40% severe addictors in group A while 40%, 22.5% and 37.5% in group B, respectively. According to mean withdrawal effects on cognitive skills, 97.6% participants in group A were able to complete task within assigned time before cessation and after cessation only 57% participants were able to do so, while in group B 94% were able to complete task before cessation and only 72% of participants were able to do so after cessation. Lastly, the mean BP reading checked in group A before cessation was 114.54/82.34mmHg and after cessation, it increased to 122.47/90.34mmHg whereas in group B, before cessation the mean BP reading was 118.32/84.88mmHg and after cessation it was 121.42/88.63mmHg. Conclusion: It is concluded that the addiction status of social media users and smokers is almost similar. This leads to the outcome that social network abuse is as harmful as smoking on focus, concentration, cognitive skills and increment of anxiety and BP.

Background and Aims: The COVID-19 outbreak is the biggest global crisis in generations having severe and far-reaching repercussions for the health system, creating high prevalence of severe posttraumatic stress symptoms for physical therapists, highlighting the need for psychological help. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how resilience functions as a mediator in the relationship between anxiety and personality among Karachi based physiotherapists. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among physiotherapists of Karachi using a convenience sampling technique from August to December 2021. The data was collected using a 10-Item Personality Inventory, Brief Resilience Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire. Results: Among 70 participants, the emotional stability trait (7.6±1.4) had higher mean values on the TIPI. On the HAM-A scale, 81.4% physiotherapists had moderate to severe anxiety followed by 15.7% mild to moderate anxiety whereas 92.9% were shown to have normal resilience. Despite all correlations being negligible, only the association between agreeableness and resilience was non-significantly higher (r=0.83). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no association between the anxiety state and resilience among physiotherapists, although there was a non-significantly higher relationship between agreeableness and openness to experiences personality traits. A high prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety was noted while using a standard resilience strategy.

Background: In today's society, a huge population is facing intellectual health problems. Therapeutic expense of such problems leads people into a financial burden. Inspite of squandering cash on pharmaceutical prescription, it is better to take benefit from laughter therapy. It is a part of human behavior, which helps human clarify their intentions in social interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of laughter on cognition. Methodology: This uncontrolled experimental study was conducted on 80 participants, recruited on convenience bases. All 18-30 years aged subjects with no chronic psychological disorder were included. While patients with a chronic psychological disorder were excluded from the study sample. Participants were divided into 3 groups: 26 participants in Group A, 33 participants in Group B and 21participants in Group C. Cognition skills were assessed by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score before and after laughter therapy session of about 25 mins. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: All the groups showed improvement in MoCA score after laughter therapy. Group A MoCA score after therapy was 22.70. Group B MoCA score after therapy was 25.10. Group C MoCA score after therapy was 25.42.By mean analysis, we figured out that there is a greater change of cognition seen in members of Group C than in Group B and change in Group B is greater than in Group A. Conclusion: It was concluded that laughter improves cognition and regulates neurotransmitters. Moreover, it has great influence in daily life and puts a great impact on memory and cognitive skills.

Background: If people dearth something regarding their senses, they mold their brain in accordance with the environs. Researches indicate vision is not always a necessity for the ramification of the brain's cortical organization. Our real endeavor is to channel people if an individual lacks something the brain rewires in a way that the lacking becomes unrecognizable and their other capabilities improve. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 subjects of age 15-30 years at Liaquat National School of Physiotherapy. Group A comprised of 40 congenitally blind subjects from Dar-ul-sukun and Ida Rieu School for blind and deaf while group B consisted of 40 sighted subjects. Senses of both groups were assessed by smelling, graphesthesia, two-point discrimination, auditory acuity test, foot tap test and sixth sense test. Collected data was analyzed on SPSS version 20 by applying independent sample ttest. Result: The results showed that the scores of group A outweighed that of group B as all the tests showed a significant mean difference with p-value<0.05. In Foot Tap Test, group A and group B showed a difference of 7.12+0.9 between their mean scores while in Smelling Test, there was a difference of 4.6+1.48. In Touch Test (Graphesthesia), the mean scores showed a difference of 2.5+1.22. Furthermore, there was also a significant difference between the mean scores of Group A and Group B for Discrimination Test, Two Point Discrimination Test, Auditory Acuity Test and Sixth Sense Test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the brain has the ability to remold itself according to the milieu. Moreover, this reorganization can also be done without deprivation by repetitive trials to augment specific functions.