An extracellular lipase from Psedoxanthomonas sp. was purified 47.3 folds with an overall yield of 27% through purification procedure of acetone precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Protein precipitation using acetone fractionation showed that the enzyme was precipitated at the fraction of 0 to 40%. Further purification of the enzyme by ion exchange followed by gel filtration chromatography showed that there were two types of lipases with similar molecular size at around 50 kDa. Characterization of optimum pH, temperature, and substrate specificity were carried out against the isolated lipase. Lip1 showed specific substrate preferences towards p-nitro phenyl myristate meanwhile Lip2 exhibited hydrolytic activity towards short and medium acyl chain of the substrate. Further analysis of both enzyme activities on variation of pH and temperature showed that the optimum pH and temperature for Lip1 were at pH 10.0 and 70°C, respectively while pH 8.0 and 50°C were the optimum pH and temperature for Lip2 respectively. Lyophilized lipase isolated from acetone fraction showed lipolytic activity under variation of methanol concentration up to 30%.

Hospitalization may cause children in crisis. Therefore, a parent's role is needed to minimize the impact of hospitalization. A preliminary study conducted by researchers through interviews with nurses showed that preschool children who were treated at hospital showed a less cooperative attitude when nursing actions were done. This study was aimed at determining the role of parents in overcoming the impact of hospitalization on preschool children in Subang District Hospital. This study used Quantitative research design and descriptive approach involving 60 parents whose children were treated at Subang District Hospital. Accidental sampling technique and questionnaires were used in this study. The results indicated that 56% of children showed a negative impact on hospitalization and 74.0% of parents played a good role in children hospitalization. This study suggests that Subang district hospital needs to provide an education for parents in overcoming the impact of hospitalization on children. Moreover, aside from the parent's role, environment can also affect hospitalization negatively. Regarding this, the hospital can create an inpatient ward that is decorated with many colours and children' favourite cartoon images to reduce the negative effect of hospitalization.

The development of child motor skills is closely related to nutritional status. Stunted children generally experience delays in motor development. The objective was to determine the relationship between stunting, socioeconomic status, and children’s motor skill development. This research was conducted in 2018 using a cross-sectional method. Respondents were 80 children aged 48-60 months in urban and rural areas of West Java. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. We found that stunting prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. As much as 30 % of children in rural areas and only 12.5 % of children in urban areas were categorized as stunted. There is no significant association between stunting with the family’s socioeconomic status and motor skill development. The weight for the age variable showed a significant association with stunting. Children who are malnourished have a stunting risk of 10.9 times greater than normal children (OR 10.9 p < 0.001).

Lipase gene from Pseudoxanthomonas sp. was cloned through in vitro amplification from total chromosomal DNA. The gene was sequenced and characterized, coding for 312 amino acid residues. Homological analysis showed that the gene has 98% similarity to lipolytic gene from Uncultured Pseudomonas sp (GenBank No. AKA58891.1). Further analysis appeared that the sequences showed similar unique motifs of lipase sub-family I.1, such as pentapeptide (GHSHG) motif, tetrapeptide (GMLG) motif, and catalytic triad. In additional, 3D structure analysis based on crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginose (PDB ID 1ex9) showed that both structure of lipases are similar except on the conformation of catalytic residue of His277 showing to shift more far away compared to that the control.

Nutritional status is a requirement of a person's health convinced by the diet, the levels of nutrients containing in the body, and normal metabolic integrity. Types of domicile generally impact the behavior of daily consumptions, which further can affect the health of students. The objective of this study was to identify the types of domicile associated with the nutritional status of college students in Indonesia University of Education. Nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index, and categorized as normal, overweight, and obese. The collected data were analyzed using multinomial regression logistic method. Samplings were carried out among 322 students with 39.75% of students were living with parents and the remaining of 60.25% were living in boarding house or dormitory. Based on nutritional status categories, 24.84 % of the students were categorized as obese, 40.99 % were overweight, and the remaining 34.16% were categorized as normal. The results showed that there are no significant differences between types of domicile with the nutritional status of college students. It is recommended to further investigate the eating habits of college students in Indonesia University of Education and propose interventions to improve nutritional status.