Summary This paper presents observations on the movements and distribution of large mammals in relation to seasonality in Yankari game reserve. Water, food, cover, mineral requirements and burning practice were identified as the main factors influencing the movements and distribution of animals especially during the dry season. It was shown that the impact of animal concentrations along the River Gaji during the dry season and the effects of repeated early burning throughout the reserve are resulting in a general downward trend of the vegetation and soils. Recommendations were made (1) that the existing waterholes in the reserve should be developed as an alternative water source to Gaji river. This it is hoped will reduce the animal concentration along the river, during the critical dry season. (2) That a thorough study should be carried out on the population structure and dynamics of buffalo and waterbuck in the reserve, with a view to determining whether cropping is now necessary, and how it should best be carried out. Résumé Cet article présente des observations sur les déplacements et répartitions saisonnierès des grands mammifères de la Yankari Game Reserve. L'eau, la nourriture, l'abri, les exigences en minéraux et les pratiques de feux s'avèrent être les facteurs capitaux régissant les mouvements et la distribution des animaux, surtout en saison sèche. II est montré que l'impact des concentrations animales en saison sèche le long de la rivière Gaji et les effets de la répétition des feux hâtifs à travers la réserve provoquent une tendance négative générale de la végétation et des sols. On recommande: (1) que les points d'eau existants dans la réserve soient aménagés comme source d'eau alternative a la rivière Gaji. On espère que ceci réduira les concentrations animales le long de la rivière durant la critique saison sèche. (2) Qu'une étude approfondie soit entreprise sur la structure et la dynamique des populations de buffles et waterbucks dans la réserve en vue d'examiner si un prélèvement (cropping) est nécessaire main‐tenant et comment iI devrait être idéalement réalisé.
Conservation and utilization of wildlife resources are not new among our local communities in Nigeria, although the present approach to the management of these resources is very recent. Modern technology, urbanization, and human population expansion, have caused the destruction of many indigenous animal and plant species in Nigeria.This paper highlights the recent developments in the overall conservation programme in Nigeria. It describes the important role which wildlife is playing in helping to feed the nation, in creating employment opportunities, in education, in research, in recreation, and in local medicine. Inadequacy of Nigerian wildlife legislation and of trained manpower to protect and manage the wildlife resources are among the crucial wildlife management problems identified in this paper. It is also stressed that the basic information for effective management is often lacking where Nigerian wildlife reserves are concerned.
Summary A study of the effects of burning and grazing regimes on savanna structure and bio‐mass was conducted in three vegetation types from August 1972 to April 1976 in the Borgu section of Kainji Lake National Park. The six treatments carried out annually in each vegetation type are: (a) early burning with grazing; (b) early burning without grazing; (c) late burning with grazing; (d) late burning without grazing; (e) Are excluded with grazing; (f) both fire and grazing excluded. The results obtained from this study indicated that both burning and grazing treatments had highly significant effects on the habitats (P<0.001). It was also shown that late burning destroyed tree seedlings and young trees, while early burning encouraged their growth. Maximum grass production was under late burning treatment in the three vegetation types while the lowest was in complete protection from Are. Early burning showed intermediate results. Early burning was recommended for narrow strips along the game‐viewing tracks to improve visibility, concentrate animals for game viewing and promote a new flush of grass which is more palatable than the old coarse grass. Occasional late burning, say at 3–year intervals was recommended for the woody areas of the Park to promote better visibility. Résumé Une téude des effets du feu et du broutage sur la structure et la biomasse de la savane a été menée dans trois types de végétation, depuis août 1972 jusqu'avril 1976, dans la Section de Borgu au Parc National du Lac Kainji. Les six traitements pratiqés annuel‐lement dans chaque type de végétation sont: (a) feu précoce avec broutage; (b) feu précoce sans broutage; (c) feu tardif avec broutage; (d) feutardif sans broutage; (e) absence de feu avec broutage; (f) absence de feu et de broutage. Les résultats obtenus par cette étude indiquent que les traitements de feu et de broutage ont tous deux des effets hautement significatifs sur les habitats (P<0.001). II a aussi été montré que le feu tardif détruisait les semences et les jeunes arbres, alors que le feu prtcoce favorisait leur croissance. Une production maximale d'herbe correspond a une pratique de feu tardif dans les trois types de végétation, et une production minimale à une protection totale contre le feu. L'incendie précoce entraine des résultats intermédiaires. Ce dernier est recommandé en bandes étroites pour augmenter la visibilité le long des pistes d'observation, concentrer les animaux pour voir le gibier, et provoquer la repousse d'une herbe plus appétissante que la vieille herbe rêche. Des incendies tardifs occasionnels, par exemple tous les 3 ans, est recommandé dans les parties boisées du Parc pour ménager une bonne visibilité.
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