Casual urine samples were collected to determine iodine excretion of 1680 Belarus children during 1990-1994. The subjects, 8-16 years old, were from nine different regions of Belarus; 60% were from the Gomel oblast, which has been associated with relatively high levels of radioiodine fallout and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Most of the median values indicate borderline/low iodine intake or mild iodine deficiency. Ranges were wide but 163 children excreted < 20 micrograms I/l urine and they should be considered severely deficient in iodine.

The obesity problem requires a study of its pathophysiological consequences affecting hormonal regulation and organism’s reactivity to extreme exposures. The study was aimed first to examine the effect of a high-calorie diet and social isolation, as well as their combination for 4 months, on the development of obesity, its metabolic and behavioral sequelae, features of the thyroid status, while at the second stage, to assess the reaction of hormonal indices of the thyroid status to short-term stress in rats. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats and at the first stage focused on the effects of a high-calorie diet and social isolation, as well as their combinations for 4 months. At the end of the experiment, behavioral reactions, metabolic syndrome indices, thyroid status, and cortisol levels were evaluated. At the second stage, the animals were exposed to short-term acute stress, and the shifts in the hormonal indices were recorded one hour later versus the initial background. A high-calorie diet led to the development of metabolic syndrome, signs of depression, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine and triiodothyronine serum levels, as well as iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity, in the rat liver. At the same time, there was a decrease in thyroperoxidase activity and an increase in thyroid levels of triglycerides and malondialdehyde. The physiological response to stress in the control rat group included an increase in cortisol and TSH serum levels, however, against the background of a high-calorie diet, no cortisol release into the bloodstream was recorded. Social isolation did not alter normal reactivity of the adrenal cortex, but reduced TSH release in response to acute stress, since the initial level of this hormone was slightly elevated against the background of chronic social isolation stress. Thus, excessive nutrition and the deficit of social activities in male Wistar rats led to significant changes in the organism’s reactivity to acute stress.

Obesity causes a wide range of pathophysiological consequences in the body, affecting the sphere of hormonal and psycho-emotional regulation. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of a high-calorie diet on the development of obesity, reproductive status hormone levels and behavioral features of male Wistar rats, as well as the possibility of normalizing the identified shifts with non-medicinal options for obesity correction. Experiments were performed on 80 sexually mature male Wistar rats for 16 weeks and included 6 groups of animals, taking into account the diet (standard vivarium diet, highcalorie diet and transition from a high-calorie diet to a standard diet at the 2nd stage of the experiment) with or without the moderate physical activity in the form of treadmill running at the 2nd stage – the last 8 weeks of the experiment. A longterm high-caloric diet (16 weeks) caused visceral obesity, elevated glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, dramatically decreased serum testosterone and estradiol levels, and depression manifestations in the Porsolt test in male Wistar rats. Successful correction of obesity, metabolic shifts and depressive behavior in rats was achieved by switching to a balanced diet during the last 8 weeks of the experiment. Normalization of testosterone and estradiol levels against the background of an increased serum luteinizing hormone level occurred in rats receiving a high-calorie diet (16 weeks) with the connection of physical exercise during the last 8 weeks of the experiment. Complex correction of obesity, which included the transition to a standard diet and exercise during the last 8 weeks of the experiment, led to a dramatic 2-fold increase in testosterone levels compared to control and a hyperactive phenotype in male Wistar rats. There is a close relationship between the depression development and testosterone levels in obesity and its correction.

Our screening study has demonstrated the most evident influence of hypothyroidism on MS development with young people (20-29 y.o). Such effect disappeared with the older age groups, even if their rate of MS was higher.

Аннотация. Известно, что при тиреотоксикозе и гипертиреозе могут происходить изменения в функционировании симпатоадреналовой системы, однако вопрос о влиянии субклинического гипертиреоза на активность медиаторного и гормонального компонентов симпатоадреналовой системы, а также на активность коркового слоя надпочечников до сих пор является предметом дискуссий. Пациенты с тиреоидным раком получают супрессивную терапию левотироксином по жизненным показаниям, поэтому этот вопрос является актуальным с медицинской точки зрения. Цель работы-оценить содержание катехоламинов в моче и кортизола в крови у пациентов с высокодифференцированным раком щитовидной железы в зависимости от степени супрессии тиреотропного гормона и признаков формирующейся патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы (тахикардии, повышенного артериального давления), а также тонуса вегетативной нервной системы. Обследовано 93 пациента с супрессированным уровнем тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ < 0,5 мЕ/л) и 50 человек контрольной группы. Показано, что пациенты отличаются от лиц группы контроля достоверным снижением уровня норметанефрина (метаболита норадреналина) в моче. У пациентов с преобладанием тонуса симпатического отдела вегетативной нервной системы наблюдалось снижение уровней метанефрина и дофамина в моче по сравнению с таковыми у здоровых лиц с аналогичным тонусом вегетативной нервной системы. У пациентов с суперсупрессией тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ < 0,1 мЕ/л) отмечалось достоверное снижение медианы уровня кортизола в крови по сравнению с контролем. Полученные данные демонстрируют наличие компенсаторных механизмов баланса симпатоадреналовой системы при субклиническом гипертиреозе, а также угрозу развития гипокортицизма при суперсупрессии уровня тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ < 0,1 мЕ/л). Ключевые слова: супрессивная терапия тироксином, катехоламины, кортизол, симпатоадреналовая система, субклинический гипертиреоз Для цитирования: Содержание катехоламинов в моче и кортизола в крови у пациентов, получающих супрессивную тироксинотерапию / Т. А. Митюкова [и др.] // Вес. Нац. aкад. навук Беларусі.