The main system for feeding cattle in Brazil is the forage-based. It happens due to low cost and high potential of forage production, which can be widely explored in a tropical climate country. Although, the nutritive value of the forage oscillates according to the grazing management. The success in production is related to the three main stages: herbage growth, consumption by grazing animals and conversion into animal product, maximizing profitability while providing sustainability. Thus, the objective with this literature review is to address detailed information on how grazing management can affect qualitative indicators of forage plants.
-The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in blood biochemical profiles and body condition of dogs after intake of the diet without soybean hull (0%SH) and with soybean hull (16%SH) replacing corn. Twelve Beagle dogs with ideal body condition score (BCS) (average: 5) were distributed in a completely randomized design (six animals per treatment) and received the daily amount of food according to the energy needs for maintenance (g/kg weight 0.75 ). The animals were evaluated on days 0 and 28 in relation to the blood biochemical profiles and body measurements, such as: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride (TAG), glucose, body weight (BW), body fat percentage (%BF), nape, rib, tail base (TB), chest, and abdomen with plicometer, and BCS (scale of 1, thin and 9, obese), canine body mass index (CBMI), and thickness of the adipose tissue of the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) with ultrasonography. The data were analyzed by Student's t test. The variation (final -initial, mg/dL) of cholesterol (16.33 vs. 15.55), HDL (17.56 vs. 10.05), LDL (22.78 vs. 14.57), VLDL (-4.01 vs. -1.92), TAG (-20.11 vs. -11.66), and glucose (-16.77 vs. -20.31) of dogs fed 0%SH and 16%SH, respectively, showed no difference. The body measurement variation (cm) of TB (1.00 vs. -0.60) obtained a significant difference. The addition of soybean hull in the diet does not alter the blood biochemical profiles; however, it does decrease the deposition of lipids in subcutaneous tissue.
Cães de canis experimentais ficam alojados individualmente no período de experimentação, podendo causar assim, alguns problemas comportamentais, os quais prejudicam seu bem-estar. Com isso, uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para minimizar esses efeitos e melhorar o bem-estar dos animais é o enriquecimento ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de cães de canil experimental e a digestibilidade da dieta, com e sem enriquecimento ambiental. Foram utilizados oito cães adultos, os quais permaneceram 10 dias sem enriquecimento ambiental, seguidos por 10 dias com, totalizando 20 dias de experimento. O enriquecimento utilizado foi uma esfera oca, contendo furos, na qual o alimento era liberado conforme manipulação pelos cães. A dieta foi fornecida duas vezes ao dia. Foram realizados dois ensaios de digestibilidade, com a mesma dieta, sendo um no período sem enriquecimento e outro com. Cada ensaio de digestibilidade teve cinco dias de adaptação à dieta, seguido por cinco dias de coleta total de fezes. Foram observados os comportamentos dos cães durante o início e final de cada período. Houve aumento no tempo comendo (0,3% para 1,2%) e no comportamento exploratório (0,3% para 1,7%) dos cães no período que foi utilizado enriquecimento ambiental (P>0,05). Houve diminuição da coprofagia (1 vez para 0) no final do período que os animais estavam com enriquecimento (P<0,05). Os demais comportamentos não diferiram (P>0,05). Não houve diferença na digestibilidade da dieta mensurada sem e com enriquecimento (P>0,05). Com isso, o enriquecimento ambiental melhora alguns comportamentos, auxiliando no bem-estar de cães de canil experimental, sem interferir na mensuração da digestibilidade da dieta.
The diet composition can promote satiety and interfere in animal behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of dogs after ingestion of diet without soybean hull (0%SH) and a diet with soybean hulls (16%SH), as well as the daily consumption of food (supplied-leftovers) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake of diets. Twelve Beagle dogs were distributed completely randomly between two treatments, being six dogs consuming the 0%SH diet and six dogs 16%SH diet. The behavioral test consisted of observing the animals during 24 uninterrupted hours at intervals of 10 minutes at the end of 28 days of consumption of the diets. General behaviors were observed such as alert, scratching, stereotypical behavior, sleep, hygiene, walking, idle lying, idle standing, idle sitting and socialization. There was a reduction in scratching behaviors (P<0.05) and stereotypical behaviors (P<0.10) in animals that ingested the diet with 16%SH, in comparison to the animals that consumed 0%SH diet. The consumption of the diets did not differ (P>0.05), but the ME intake was lower (P<0.001) in dogs that received a diet with 16%SH. The use of 16%SH in the diet reduces the ME intake and undesirable behavior in dogs.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo voluntário de energia por cães de diferentes raças. Para a realização do experimento, utilizou-se 16 cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, de raças distintas, alimentados com uma ração completa seca extrusada para cães em manutenção, uma vez ao dia durante 30 minutos. A quantidade fornecida foi 30% superior às necessidades de energia metabolizável de mantença (NEM). O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso e os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os cães da raça Labrador apresentaram consumo de 20% acima da energia recomendada, enquanto que os Huskies consumiram 26% menos energia que o recomendado para a raça. Em contrapartida os cães da raça Beagle apresentaram seu consumo de energia mais próximo ao recomendado pelo NRC. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que cães da raça Labrador apresentaram maior consumo de energia dentre as raças avaliadas, seguidos por Basset hound, Beagle e Huskie siberiano.
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