Úvod: Kombinované srdeční operace s resekčními výkony na plicích jsou stále kontroverzním tématem. Tento přístup umožňuje léčbu dvou různých onemocnění v rámci jedné intervence, celkově kratší dobu hospitalizace, menší zátěž pro nemocného a nižší náklady spolu s uspokojivými výsledky. Diskutovanou otázkou zůstává nejasný vliv mimotělního oběhu na rozsev malignity, dostatečnost rozsahu plicní resekce z nestandardního chirurgického přístupu a větší riziko pooperačního krvácení. Metody: Od listopadu 2010 do dubna 2014 podstoupilo na naší klinice celkem deset nemocných (devět mužů, jedna žena) kombinovaný kardiochirurgický výkon spolu s resekcí plic (průměrný věk 69 ± 7 let). Patologický nález na plicích byl následující (čtyři primární karcinomy, čtyři benigní léze, jedna metastáza, jeden karcinoid). Pravá plíce byla operována v pěti případech, levá plíce také v pěti případech (pětkrát lobektomie, jednou extraanatomická resekce, třikrát enukleace). V jednom případě, v souvislosti s rozsahem malignity, byla provedena pouze explorace, pneumonektomie poté v druhé době z thorakotomie. Kardiochirurgické výkony byly následující: pětkrát aortokoronární bypass, třikrát náhrada aortální chlopně, jednou náhrada mitrální chlopně, jednou náhrada vzestupné aorty, třikrát ablace MAZE. Sternotomie byla metodou přístupu v osmi případech, ve dvou byla použita levostranná thorakotomie a revaskularizace myokardu byla provedena metodou MIDCAB (minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass). Revaskularizace bez mimotělního oběhu byla použita čtyřikrát. Výsledky: V souboru byla zaznamenána nulová hospitalizační mortalita. Žádný z nemocných nebyl revidován pro pooperační krvácení, všechny kardiochirurgické výkony byly bez komplikací. V jednom případě byl léčen protrahovaný "air-leak". Všichni nemocní s benigním nálezem (čtyři) jsou naživu. Nemocný s rozsáhlou malignitou, operovaný dvoufázově, zemřel v terminální fázi onemocnění. Další nemocný s malignitou zemřel z důvodů nevztahujících se k operaci rok po výkonu. Ostatní jsou pravidelně sledováni v pneumo-onkologické ambulanci. Závěr: Kombinované srdeční operace s resekčními výkony na plicích mohou být prováděny bez zvýšené mortality a morbidity. Tento přístup eliminuje nutnost druhé intervence a má uspokojivé výsledky.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment response and devastating prognosis. Exposure to asbestos and chronic inflammation are acknowledged as main risk factors. Since immune therapy evolved as a promising novel treatment modality, we want to reevaluate and summarize the role of the inflammatory system in MPM. This review focuses on local tumor associated inflammation on the one hand and systemic inflammatory markers, and their impact on MPM outcome, on the other hand. Identification of new biomarkers helps to select optimal patient tailored therapy, avoid ineffective treatment with its related side effects and consequently improves patient’s outcome in this rare disease. Additionally, a better understanding of the tumor promoting and tumor suppressing inflammatory processes, influencing MPM pathogenesis and progression, might also reveal possible new targets for MPM treatment. After reviewing the currently available literature and according to our own research, it is concluded that the suppression of the specific immune system and the activation of its innate counterpart are crucial drivers of MPM aggressiveness translating to poor patient outcome.
Our experience with videolaparoscopic operations for hiatus hernia and achalasia, which have almost replaced classical procedures, enabled us to use the same technique for other interventions in the distal third of the thoracic esophagus. Thus, we were able to treat epiphrenic diverticulum using a minimally invasive approach. We report our experience with videolaparoscopic diverticulum resection. The procedure was performed in three patients, all of them elderly men with ventilation limitation and a history of a chest intervention. The procedure included myotomy and an antireflux procedure. No significant complications occurred during the operations or postoperative periods; a minor leak that was successfully managed conservatively occurred in one patient. We conclude that videolaparoscopy could be a possible alternative to the standard classical left-side thoracotomy approach for patients in whom a classical operation is not feasible.
IntroductionGastrointestinal stromal tumors are among the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; the incidence of these tumors in the esophagus is less than 5%. Prognosis depends on localization, size, mitotic activity and possible invasion of surrounding structures. Minimally invasive surgery may be maximally utilized for removal of these tumors from the esophageal wall. This operation is usually performed thoracoscopically or laparoscopically and using the “rendez-vous” method – with endoscopic navigation.AimTo evaluate a set of patients with benign tumor of the esophagus who were operated on at the First Department of Surgery from 2006 to 2011.Material and methodsIn the years 2006-2011 a total of 11 patients with benign tumors of the esophagus underwent operation.ResultsOf the 11 patients with esophageal tumor, 5 were diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 5 with leiomyoma and in one patient the lesion was described as heterotopy of the pancreas. We used the minimally invasive rendez-vous method with endoscopic navigation in 9 cases. All patients healed primarily and were released from hospital on the 4th-7th day. These patients are being followed up as outpatients and recurrence of the tumor has not been observed in any of them.ConclusionsMinimally invasive treatment of benign tumors of the esophageal wall is considered to the method of choice. Due to possible complications and the need for subsequent therapy in some patients, these procedures should be centralized to departments with experience in esophageal, thoracic and minimally invasive surgery.
Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SARC) of the lung is a very rare and aggressive type of non-small cell lung cancer. It belongs to a group of poorly diff erentiated carcinomas with partial sarcomatoid diff erentiation or with a direct sarcoma component. Characteristic fi ndings include a large tumor with an invasive tendency, early recurrence and systemic metastases. Case: The authors present a case of SARC in the 77-year-old patient. Preoperative staging confi rmed sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lower lobe of the left lung without generalization on PET/ CT. However, an infi ltration of more than 2/ 3 of the diaphragm was ascertained. A resection was performed-a left lower lobectomy with resection of the diaphragm and its replacement by a muscle fl ap made from the latissimus dorsi muscle with vascular pedicle. Histological fi ndings confi rmed the dia gnosis of sarcomatoid (pleomorphic) carcinoma pT3N0M0. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy; recurrence and systemic dissemination of the disease occurred after 20 months; the patient died 21 months after the surgery.
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