During the so called ILM peeling, the surgeon removes a layered structure that includes the basal membrane of MC, cells and fibers attached to its vitreal side, and one more layer comprised by PCS and rather readily torn off from the main massif. The functional significance of this previously unknown structure as well as the effect of its partial removal during surgical manipulations with neurosensory retina in the macular region is yet to be investigated.

Пролапс митрального клапана (ПМК) является наи-более распространенным проявлением недифферен-цированной дисплазии соединительной ткани (нДСТ), особенно в молодом возрасте. Частота ПМК в популя-ции, по данным разных авторов составляет 5-10% [1,2]. Гемодинамические проявления ПМК зависят от выра-женности дисплазии соединительной ткани [3,4]. В по-следние годы среди возможных патогенетических ме-ханизмов формирования пролапса митрального кла-пана некоторые исследователи указывают на хрони-ческий дефицит ионов магния, который приводит к на-рушению формирования соединительнотканных струк-тур опорно-трофического каркаса сердца, что об-условливает хаотичность расположения волокон кол-лагена, нарушение его синтеза и биодеградации [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Основой соединительнотканного каркаса серд-ца являются предсердно-желудочковые соединения, Цель. Изучить морфологические особенности рыхлой волокнистой соединительной ткани (РВСТ) и сократительную способность миокарда у пациентов с пролапсом митрального клапана до и после применения оротата магния. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 59 пациентов с пролапсом митрального клапана и фенотипическими признаками недифференцированной дис-плазии соединительной ткани (нДСТ). Для оценки динамики морфофункциональных изменений РВСТ были использованы образцы биопсий кожи, которые были под-вергнуты комплексному морфологическому анализу. Всем участникам проводили стандартное эхокардиографическое исследование с оценкой трансмитрального по-тока исходно и после 8 нед приема оротата магния. Результаты. Через 8 нед приема оротата магния по данным морфометрии наблюдалось увеличение доли аморфной части матрикса в срезах РВСТ по сравнению с ис-ходным значением (38,6±0,4% и 23,9±0,4%, соответственно; р<0,001). По данным эхокардиографического исследования через 8 нед наблюдали увеличение ко-нечного диастолического (с 4,9±0,04 см до 5,05± 0,03 см; p<0,05) и систолического (с 2,9±0,04 см до 3,0±0,03 см; p<0,01) размеров левого желудочка, а также улучшение его диастолической функции (увеличение Е/А с 1,42±0,02 до 1,79±0,04; p<0,01). Заключение. Применение у пациентов и пролапсом митрального клапана и нДСТ оротата магния в течение 8 нед привело к достоверному увеличению объема аморф-ной части матрикса, улучшению диффузионной способности и архитектоники соединительной ткани, определяющей улучшение эластичности и растяжимости. Ключевые слова: пролапс митрального клапана, диастолическая функция, соединительная ткань, синдром недифференцированной дисплазии соединительной тка-ни, коллаген, матрикс соединительной ткани. Aim. To study the morphological features of loose fibrous connective tissue (LFCT) and myocardial contractility in patients with mitral valve prolapse before and after magnesium orotate course. Material and methods. Patients (n=59) with mitral valve prolapse and the phenotype of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) were included into the study. A comprehensive morphological analysis of skin biopsy samples was performed to assess morphological and functional chang...

We studied the morphology of the ovarian network in outbred albino rats of different age. Morphogenetic restructuring of the network during aging were detected. The role of the network in the glandular cystic transformation of the ovaries in aging was discussed.

The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia on histophysiological processes in the female reproductive system is studied. Thyroid hormones and thyrotropin are found to exhibit a pronounced modulatory effect on morphogenetic processes in the female gonad. Key Words: ovary; thyroid gland; folliculogenesisNumerous aspects of regulation of the morphogenetic basis of ovarian function have been studied at length. However, there is now a need to broaden the known basic regulating system (hypothalamuspituitary-gonads) by adding the complex of extraand intraorgan modulators. The specific regulators of cyclic ovarian function, the gonadotropic hormones, are complexes of hormone-regulated isoforms, the specificity of which is determined by the endocrine status of the organism. Recent investigations point to a close relationship between dysfunctions of the female reproductive and thyroid systems. The morphophysiological basis of this relationship remains to be explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the state of the female gonad under conditions of experimentally induced hyperthyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe ovaries of mature random-bred rats with a stable 4-day estrous cycle were studied. The animals of group 1 were repeatedly injected with triiodothyronine (T3) in a single dose of 0.3 g/kg. In group 2 hyperthyrotropinemia was modeled by injecting Department of Histology and Embryology, Pediatric Faculty, Russian State Medical University, Moscow thyrotropic hormone (TSH) in single doses of 0.05 IU. The above interventions were started in some animals from proestrus and in others from the first day of diestrus. The characteristics of a single cycle were analyzed. The control animals were injected with the same volume of vehicle.In some animals ovulation was artificially stimulated to elucidate the mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction. Changes in the cycle were judged from vaginal smears. Serial histological slices were studied using a routine histological method as well as the method of differential follicle count (according to a published classification [2]). The hormone content in the peripheral blood was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTSOut of 33 rats injected with T 3 starting from proestms the cycle remained unchanged in 15 and permanent diestms (anovulation) was established in 18 animals. Out of 15 rats injected with T 3 starting from diestms the onset of permanent diestrus occurred in 10 and the physiological cycle was preserved in 5 rats. On day 4 of permanent diestrus the histological structure of the ovaries was analyzed and folIlIl~cles of various stages were counted. Radioimmunoassay of the T 3 content in the blood

The presence of G-protein ~-subunits in somatic ovarian cells of albino rats and changes in their distribution during follicle maturation are demonstrated. A possible role of these proteins in signal transduction to ovarian structures is discussed.Key Words: ovary; folliculocyte; thecocyte; ~-subunit; G-protein Function of all cells, tissues, and organs is subjected to neurohumoral regulation. Humoral factors play an outstanding role in the regulation of female reproductive organs, since cyclic morphofunctional reorganization in these organs and changes directed toward conception are strictly controlled by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. This classic scheme of gonadotropin-mediated humoral regulation has been recently supplemented by a discovery of a great number of humoral modulators of this system (thyroid hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone, insulin, etc.).Delicate mechanisms mediating the action of hormonal stimuli on effector cells in reproductive organs, in particular, cells of ovarian follicles, representing an oocyte microenvironment, remain poorly understood. Evaluation of the role of G-proteins, members of the GTPase superfamily, is a promising direction ha the study of signal transduction system in the ovarian-follicular assembly. There is evidence that GTPases act as transmitters in the interactions between receptor proteins and intracellular target enzymes [1-81.G-Proteins are a peculiar group of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins belonging to high-affinity GTPases, consisting of three subunits (0~, [3, and ?). The active center of the molecule is formed by 0c-subunits. High-affinity binding and hydrolysis of GTP molecule in the active center is accompanied by its inactivation, which affects its interactions with Department of Histology and Embryology, Pediatric Faculty of the Russian State Medical University, Moscow other macmmolecules and modulates general and specific cellular processes. There are known different forms of G-proteins mediating both activating and inhibiting hormonal stimuli to the cell effector systems. These differences are determined by their c~-subunits.Study of G-protein ~-subunits and their possible role in hormonal signal transduction to target cells in ovarian follicles can substantially supplement the fundamental theory of follicular selection.Our objective was to visualize and investigate the distribution of G-proteins in developing ovarian follicles. MATERIALS AND METHODSOvaries of mature albino random-bred rats were studied. Cryosections (7-~t thick) of ovaries were slightly dried at room temperature, fixed in absolute acetone for 10 min, and washed with 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.5 M NaC1 and 1% Tween-20. Polyclonal rabbit immunoglobulin to G-protein ~-subunit served as primary antibodies. Bound primary antibody were visualized usinz the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex.In order to verify the specificity of the reaction control sections were not incubated with primary antibodies. Microscopy and photography was performed using an Opton microscope....