К. В. АВеРКоВ т. г. бУньКоВА М. и. биСеРиКАн С. В. ПетРОЧеНКО Омский государственный университет путей сообщения, г. Омск оптиМизАция техНОлОгИЧеСКОгО ПРОцеССА РеМонтА КолеСных пАР В статье рассмотрен вопрос повышения эффективности операции механической обработки поверхности катания колесных пар повышенной твердости и качества. Проанализированы данные статистики, показано, что наиболее слабым местом технологического процесса ремонта колесных пар повышенной твердости и качества является механическая обработка по профилю катания. Предложена новая конструкция токарного инструмента для выполнения обточки. Резец имеет три режущие пластины, две из которых предназначены для выполнения обточки по поверхности катания. При обточке использован эффект разделения припуска и выделение тепла в зоне резания. Выполнен анализ напряжений, возникающих в твердосплавных пластинах при обточке. Ключевые слова: резец, токарная обработка, колесная пара, режимы резания, твердый сплав, напряжение, разрушение, износ.
The purpose of the article is to choose a selective laser sintering method suitable for basic parts manufacturing, as well as to analyze mechanical characteristics of parts obtained using selective laser sintering, depending on the technology of their production. Basic parts manufacturing is a complex and expensive process which includes casting or welding, milling of base surfaces, and boring of holes. As a rule, body is the largest part of the structure, and accuracy of its base surfaces manufacturing directly affects performance of the entire mechanism. Method of producing blank parts is of paramount importance in body manufacturing. Parts of this type must ensure precision of the relative position of individual elements, both at rest and in the dynamic mode of machine operation. At the same time, it is known that all methods of blank parts production are characterized by the presence of residual stresses in the blank part. Gradually relaxing, these stresses “come out” in the form of deformations, which leads to displacement of parts and units of the entire mechanism, and a change in their interaction. This directly affects performance and resource of the entire machine.
The article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems - the determination of the optimal ratio of hardness of the wheel-rail tribosystem. Mathematical models of the wheel and rail wear process have been developed, taking into account the change in the speed of the car, the load acting in operation, and the ratio of their hardness. The results of studies on the wear resistance of the "wheel-rail" tribosystem are presented. Recommendations are given for choosing the optimal ratio of wheel and rail material hardness.
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