No abstract

When designing power facilities, the problem usually arises of comparing their possible options for performance, taking into account consumer quality. A common and easy-to-implement method is the formation of a generalized indicator, however, subjectivity is inherent in it, given this, the task of developing algorithms and methods that objectively consider the quality indicators of an energy object becomes especially urgent. It is argued that, in accordance with the condition for making a decision on the type of the synthesizing function, the main object of uncertainty, respectively, of the quality indicator, which is inherently subjective, is the vector of the significance coefficients of the weight coefficients. The presented algorithms in conditions of uncertainty that allow you to build a generalized quality criterion for energy facilities. For a comprehensive assessment of the quality of energy facilities, it is proposed to use the methods of arbitrary summary indicators, namely: the method of arbitrary summary indicators, the method of priority of private quality indicators and the method of minimizing the deviation of the summary quality indicator. It is proposed to reduce the influence of subjective factors in determining the weight coefficients, it is advisable to use a combination of these methods. For the method of minimizing the deviation of the aggregate indicator, using the principle of objectivity, an algorithm for determining the weight coefficients has been developed, taking into account that in the area of permissible changes in parameters, the value of the criterion will be minimal. Accordingly, to solve the problem of comparing the options for constructing energy facilities, which includes the determination of weight coefficients for the formation of a composite indicator, it is necessary to use the results of expert assessment that are supplemented by calculation methods that will reduce the subjective factor that is inherent in the method of expert assessment.

Electric power complexes today rightfully belong to the category of complex systems that become integral structural elements of the environment. Any electric power complex created by engineers has to satisfy the corresponding needs of a person, because this is what it is created for. From this point of view, the electric power complex should be considered endowed with appropriate consumer properties, which must show stability during the period of its operation, determined by the reliability indicators, which for the electric power complex must be supplemented by the corresponding safety indicators. It is these indicators that make it possible to conclude about the possibility of manifestation of the electric power complex during the operation of its consumer properties in full and without a threat to people and to the environment, that is, they make it possible to make a decision about the possibility and feasibility of operating this electric power complex. The analysis of the essence of the concept of probability as a tool to overcome the incompleteness and inaccuracy of information about the events under study, along with various concepts (interpretations) of probability from the point of view of their theoretical status and practical application in the problems of calculating the reliability and safety indicators of electric power complexes. Analyzed the classical, statistical and axiomatic concepts of probability, revealed the features of each of these concepts, conditions and reservations regarding their application in engineering practice. Reveals the reasons for the discrepancy between the reliability indicators, calculated at the design stage of devices on the basis of reference data on the failure rate of individual components, indicators that are observed during the operation of these devices, as well as the need to be careful with the processing of observation results in cases where such that differ significantly from the majority. It is noted that the limitations associated with statistical probability can be to a greater or lesser extent leveled by using the concept of hyper-random events, but the widespread implementation of this concept is constrained by the lack of an appropriate experimental database. On the basis of the analysis carried out, urgent tasks are formulated related to increasing the efficiency of calculating the reliability and safety indicators of electric power complexes.

The decision to choose the most acceptable alternative of the alternatives proposed by the contractor for the possible development of an engineering object at the pre-design stage of the life cycle of the object means an agreement between the customer and the contractor and the coordination of the technical characteristics and the indicators of the object declared for development corresponding to these characteristics. The specified characteristics and indicators are necessary conditions for the transition to the project stage and for many reasons should be considered as the most important, given the implementation of all subsequent stages of the life cycle of the declared engineering object. At the design stage of any engineering object, various studies are carried out in order to develop mathematical and, if necessary, material models and tools at different levels of integration of the object's components.The developed models become the basis for the implementation of the general process of parameters synthesis for specific components and objects, as well as for further technical support of the life cycle of engineering objects under development.The concept of solving the problem of parametric synthesis of the components of the designed engineering object is presented and is reduced to the necessary procedures for search optimization and provides for multiple numerical implementations of the model function of the component.It is argued that in the case of considering the complex structure of the specified component, the construction is performed taking into account the indicators of physical processes necessary for the formation of its formation, and the model function will be represented by mathematical artifacts that are complex in structure and numerous in format.It is proposed to overcome these difficulties by forming, on the basis, developed where the corresponding physical processes are taken into account, a mathematical model of some mathematical artifact - a secondary mathematical model, which, with a reduction in accuracy acceptable for the purposes of parametric synthesis, will be much simpler given its numerical implementation.

Low levels of natural light in greenhouses and a short winter day require additional irradiation, and artificial maintenance of temperature and humidity, due to the significant cost of non-renewable energy. It is known that about half of the cost of production is accounted for by electricity. Therefore, the state level is gaining issues of conservation of electricity spent on lighting and irradiation of plants. One of the ways to reduce the cost of electricity for light crops is to improve the methods of calculating photosynthetic irradiation, followed by automatic maintenance of the effective level of irradiation. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption for photoculture of plants in protected ground structures and increase their productivity is to improve methods for determining and maintaining optimal illumination values with radiation of a given range, which will provide the most effective level of photosynthetic process of plant development with a subsequent increase in its productivity. In the given article, the modeling of the electromagnetic field of the optical spectrum at the level of plant leaf formation, which takes into account the scattered radiation and reflected by the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, is carried out. The proposed method increases the accuracy of determining the actual value of irradiance by taking into account the features of the brightness of the coating on the walls and ceiling and their reflection coefficient as a function of spatial coordinates. An example is given of using this method to determine and automatically maintain the actual photosynthetic irradiation in accordance with the standard value of light intensity in the production room of the greenhouse, which ensures effective plant development and, accordingly, maximum productivity.