Objective (a) To report the xerostomia prevalence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). (b) To assess the saliva pH in patients with OSA. Design Simultaneous cohort observational clinical study. Setting In Sleep Medicine Centre at Lomonosov Moscow State University from March to June 2019. Participants The study was conducted on 30 patients with OSA aged from 35 to 65 years. Main outcomes measures The diagnosis of sleep apnoea was made after standard polysomnography using the Domino programme. The severity of OSA was indicated using the Apnoea‐Hypopnea Index. Xerostomia was evaluated using Fox's test. Hyposalivation was evaluated by measurement of salivary flow rate. Determination of the saliva pH was carried out with a pH metre. Statistical analysis was performed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐Kramer multi‐comparison test. Results Twenty‐two out of 30 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with "dry mouth". Hyposalivation was observed in 6 out of 30 (20%). Dry mouth on awakening was observed in 60.0%, 72.7% and 88.9% of patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA, respectively. The average salivary flow rate was 0.28 mL/min, 0.24 mL/min and 0.14 mL/min, respectively. The average pH value in patients with mild, moderate and severe apnoea was 6.40 ± 0.017, 6.15 ± 0.27 and 5.87 ± 0.24, respectively. Conclusions In patient with mild and moderate OSA, the saliva amount and rate are similar (P > .05). With the increase of OSA severity, both these parameters change (P < .001). The acidity of the saliva was correlated with the level of OSA, and it statistically increased with the increment of the OSA severity (P < .05‐P < .001).
Качественное удаление биопленки является одной из основ профилактики стоматологических заболеваний, так как именно микроорганизмы являются причиной разви-© Коллектив авторов, 2018 тия кариеса зубов и заболеваний пародонта [1-3]. Самым доступным для пациента способом воздействия на биопленку является механическое удаление ее с поверхности зубов с помощью зубной щетки. Однако в некоторых участках зубного ряда, в частности на апроксимальных поверхностях зубов, зубная щетка оказывается недостаточно эффективной. Именно поэтому наиболее патогенная микроб
The aim of this research was to study patients with the chemical composition of mixed saliva in fluorosis using X-ray microanalysis both living in the endemic center of fluorosis and leaving it. The research involved 64 patients with dental fluorosis, all male, age — 20—35 years. To accomplish the purpose of the study, two groups were formed from them: the first group included 33 people with dental fluorosis of dashed and spotted forms, living in an endemic center of fluorosis (Krasnogorsk district, Moscow region). The second group included 31 people with dental fluorosis who left the endemic focus and live in areas with normal fluoride content in water. Results. According to the content in the mixed saliva of a number of chemical elements, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the studied groups. These elements include: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, and calcium. However, the content of other chemical elements in the oral fluid was observed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between patients with fluorosis living in the focus of endemic lesion and patients who migrated beyond it. Thus, in the first group, in the studied saliva, the fluorine content was 42% higher than in the second. Also in this group, compared with the second, the phosphorus content was higher 18%, chlorine and potassium 27%. The content of sodium in the first group was 27% lower than in the second.
Systemic diseases of the body, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), play an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis. The main dental symptom of OSA is dry mouth due to oral breathing, which is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Purpose. Сlinical and laboratory assessment of periodontal tissues in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Material and methods. The subjects of our study were patients from 35 to 65 years old. In total, 40 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 30 patients who made up the comparison group were examined. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were divided into three groups according to the severity of apnea. The first group included patients of women and men with mild apnea, the second group of men and women with moderate apnea, and the third with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Gum bleeding was assessed by the Mulleman-Cowell index, the degree of inflammation in the gum using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA). The hygiene index was evaluated by Quigle-Hein as modified by Tureski. Results. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea was rated as “unsatisfactory”. In the structure of the distribution of periodontal diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, periodontitis of moderate severity prevails, while in the comparison group - periodontitis of mild severity. We also observed a correlation between the severity of apnea and the values of periodontal indices. Index data for mild severity and the data of the comparison group practically did not differ. While in severe apnea, the indices were much higher (average Muhlemann-Cowell index — 1.59±0.3, РМА — 57.49±0.87%) than the comparison group (average Muhlemann-Cowell index — 1.25±0.1, РМА — 38.84±0.93%). When assessing the qualitative composition of the oral microflora by PCR of patients with apnea, a higher number of P. gingivalis and A. Actinomycetemcomitans was revealed compared with the comparison group (p <0.02). Conclusions. According to the results of the dental examination, the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is higher than in the comparison group. The data obtained indicate a more severe periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea compared with the comparison group.
Purpose. To highlight the problem of periodontal lesions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) from the clinical-laboratory position and evaluate their relationship. In the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis, systemic diseases of the body play an important role, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The main dental symptom of OSA is dry mouth due to oral breathing, which is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. The review presents the results of a number of clinical studies dedicated to assessing the relationship of periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea. This review summarizes knowledge about the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the rate of progression and the severity of periodontal disease. Literature data indicate the need for further study of the characteristics of periodontal disease and the development of individual plans for dental rehabilitation of patients with OSA.
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