B Forming the Asys matrix 92 94 100 C Derivation of second order eigenvalue sensitivities computed from all eigenvaluesllO D WSCC 9-bus test system data E Description of data file formats E.l Description of. cdf file format E.2 Description of. gdf • file format E.3 Description of. ldf file format E.4 Description of. sdf file format F Small-signal stability OPF results ignoring security G Small-signal stability ESCOPF Results vi 115 121 CONTENTS (4.13) (4.14) CHAPTER 4. OPTIMAL POWER FLOW subject to equality constraints and inequality constraints v;min < v; < v;max

This paper discusses the expected-security-cost optimal power flow (ESCOPF) problem. The objective of the problem is to minimize the expected total cost of system operation subject to power system constraints and expected security costs. The probabilities of operating in the pre-contingency operating state and the probabilities of operating in all possible post-contingency states are considered. In addition, the ESCOPF problem includes the cost of interrupting customer load and the cost of generator ramping, which may be necessary when a contingency occurs. The solution to the ESCOPF problem gives information regarding the marginal value of spinning reserve and the marginal value of interruptible load. A graphical tool is used to view the problem solution.Index Terms-Optimal power flow (OPF), power system security, preventive control, social-welfare maximization.

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