The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of muscle-release surgery for children with cerebral palsy (CP) using longitudinal and stratified analysis. Twenty-five children with CP (15 females, 10 males; age range 4 to 16 years; mean age 8 years 2 months, SD 3 years 2 months) were selected from five treatment centres in Japan. Twenty-two children had spastic diplegia, two had spastic quadriplegia, and one had athetospastic quadriplegia. Motor function for each child was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Assessment was conducted on eight separate occasions: 1 month and 1 week before surgery, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. Participants' motor function before surgery was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Six children were classified at level I, three at level II, six at level III, and 10 at level IV. A significant difference was found after surgery in the GMFCS levels III and IV groups (p<0.05). Improvement in GMFM scores between 1 week before surgery and 12 months after surgery were 1, 5, 8.5, and 8.5 for GMFCS levels I to IV respectively. Results indicate that this treatment is advantageous for improving motor function in children within GMFCS levels III and IV.

The catalyst-free hydrosilylation of CO 2 under mild conditions remains limited. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato(dihydrido)silicon(IV)(1)a sas ix-coordinate silicon dihydride. The Si-H moiety of 1 reacts with polar double bonds and CO 2 in the absence of ac atalyst to afford hydrosilylated products. Combining the hydrosilylation with subsequentt ransformation furnishes formic acidf rom CO 2 .C omputational studies indicate that the hydride-donorp roperties of 1 are exceptionally high for an eutrals ilicon hydride, and that the directh ydride transfer from silicon to carbon is ap ivotal step in the hydrosilylation of CO 2 with 1.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of muscle‐release surgery for children with cerebral palsy (CP) using longitudinal and stratified analysis. Twenty‐five children with CP (15 females, 10 males; age range 4 to 16 years; mean age 8 years 2 months, SD 3 years 2 months) were selected from five treatment centres in Japan. Twenty‐two children had spastic diplegia, two had spastic quadriplegia, and one had athetospastic quadriplegia. Motor function for each child was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Assessment was conducted on eight separate occasions: 1 month and 1 week before surgery, and 1,2,4,6,9, and 12 months after surgery. Participants’motor function before surgery was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Six children were classified at level I, three at level II, six at level III, and 10 at level IV. A significant difference was found after surgery in the GMFCS levels III and IV groups (p<0.05). Improvement in GMFM scores between 1 week before surgery and 12 months after surgery were 1,5,8.5, and 8.5 for GMFCS levels I to IV respectively. Results indicate that this treatment is advantageous for improving motor function in children within GMFCS levels III and IV.

Thin-film nanocomposite magnets, composed of α-Fe and c-axis oriented SmFe12 phases, have been synthesized by rf magnetron sputtering onto heated glass substrates. For samples with the α-Fe volume fraction VFe&lt;30%, the demagnetization curves with fields applied normal to the film plane exhibited good squareness, while the hard-axis curves did not saturate even in a field of 140 kOe at room temperature. Both the coercivity and maximum energy product showed a maximum for VFe≈25%.

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