This research aims to understand the human resource management in the army and its implication that are very due at the ontological level and sociological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a systematic literature review on human resource management in the army using science direct database and conduct a qualitative study in an army program in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation in Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological level and sociological level using human resource management and its implementation are needed for providing information to stakeholders related regarding to update the regulations and sanctions in human resource management implementation. This result provides inputs for making better regulation and policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

This research aims to understand conflict management and strategy at state borders and its implications that are very due at the ontological level and sociological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative case study in Indonesia. The data were collected through observation and documentation. The data were analyzed using interactive steps of data reduction, data display, and data verification, supported by triangulation. The results indicate that managing conflict and strategy at state borders and its implementation are needed for providing information to stakeholders to update regulations and sanctions. This result provides inputs for making better regulation and policy for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

The collection of public philanthropic funds, especially in financing the national defense sector, has not been clearly regulated, but in the Indonesian context it has considerable potential so that it requires regulations to regulate it. The purpose of this research is to find out how the financing of state defense is in the regulations that govern it currently in Law number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense, Law number 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI, Law number 23 of 2019 concerning Management of National Resources for Defense. Next, make several alternative suggestions so that philanthropic funds can be used to finance the national defense sector within the framework of Law number 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance and Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning the State Treasury.The research method in this study is normative juridical with a statutory and comparative law approach. With the results there is an opportunity to use community philanthropic funds to participate in financing the national defense sector with a grant mechanism that is still in the APBN mechanism. By looking at the large potential of community philanthropic funds, an ideal concept is proposed that regulates operationally and institutionally.

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Bekasi Regency is deemed as the pillar of Indonesian capital city considering from its strategic values in terms of the political, economic, socio-cultural, and also the defense-security aspects. The population of Bekasi Regency is relatively dense, and its location is directly bordered with Special Capital District of Jakarta. This situation causes the social life in Bekasi Regency being highly influenced by the lifestyle of citizen in the capital city such as seen in the criminal issues, togetherness, environmental awareness, etc. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation, obstacles faced in the implementation, and strategy used in the state-defense awareness development activities for the citizens residing the Bekasi regency area in order to prevent any non-military threats. This research implements qualitative-descriptive method with case-study approach. The evaluation model applied in this research is CIPP evaluation. The subject of this research are any stakeholders that is eligible in providing the data in accordance to the need of this research, and the samples are selected through purpose sampling method. The data are acquired through interviews, observations, and literary studies. The findings presented that the state-defense awareness development activitiesare only conducted incidentally, hence they are not conducted regularly by the territorial unit in the location. This is due to the consideration that state-defense awareness development activities are not a priority. As the consequence, the formula of the strategy in the development activities is not yet accurate. Therefore, the right strategy that has been adjusted to the characteristic of the local region is necessary as the attempt to prevent any non-military threats to occur in Bekasi Regency area.