Background:Working outside daylight hours (7 am to 7 pm) is called shift work. Shift work is a common practice in many industries and factories such as steel industries, petroleum industries, power plants, and in some services such as medicine and nursing and police forces, in which professionals provide services during day and night.Objectives:Considering the contradictory reports of different studies, we decided to evaluate the effect of shift work on cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels through a historical cohort on steel industry workers.Patients and Methods:This retrospective cohort study was performed on all the staff of Isfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company between years 2002 and 2011. There were 5773 participants in this study. Data were collected from the medical records of the staff using the census method. For analysis of data, generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression was used.Results:The results showed a significant difference in cholesterol levels between shift workers and day workers on the first observation (P < 0.001), yet no such difference was observed for TG (P = 0.853). Moreover, the results showed that the variables of age, work experience and BMI were not similar between shift workers and day workers. Therefore, to remove the effect of such variables, we used GEE regression. Despite the borderline difference of cholesterol between regular shift workers and day workers, this correlation was not statistically significant (P = 0.051). The results for TG also showed no correlation with shift work.Conclusions:According to the findings of this study, there is no relationship between shift work and changes in serum TG and cholesterol. The lack of relationship can be due to shift plans for shift workers, nutrition, or the “Healthy Heart project” at Isfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company.

Background: Improving the self-efficacy of cardiac patients is one of the pressing necessities that must be considered in the healthcare system. Meeting this urgent need requires comprehensive educational programs. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the impact of empowerment on the self-efficacy of patients with ischemic heart disease who had been hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in 2018 on patients with ischemic heart disease who had referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Pole Dokhtar, Lorestan province, Iran. A total of 56 patients were randomly chosen and assigned to the control and experimental groups. The standard chronic disease self-efficacy scale (CDSES) was used for data collection. The empowerment program was presented in three 45-minute sessions, and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 using covariance, independent t test, and descriptive statistical tests. Results: The results of the independent t test revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention and at the first and second phases of control, the mean score of selfefficacy was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Moreover, the results of covariance analysis established that while self-efficacy promoted in the experimental group, it did not change in the control group. Conclusions: Empowerment training can promote self-efficacy in patients with ischemic heart disease, which, in turn, can facilitate their treatment process and ultimately enhance the health system efficacy.

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IntroductionParents’ caring responsibilities lead to imbalances in roles, functions, and emotions, confronting them with new needs that, if left unaddressed, have adverse consequences for the lives of all family members. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the significant unmet needs of the mothers of the children with cancer.Materials and methodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran in 2019–2020 on 215 mothers of the children with cancer visiting the hospitals affiliated with medical universities. The study population was selected through convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The FIN questionnaire consisting of two subscales, FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment, with 40 items, was used to collect data.ResultsThe mean age of the mothers participating in the study was 34.77 ± 7.91 years, and the mean age of the children with cancer was 9.77 ± 14.37 years. The mean scores of FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment were 92.88 ± 7.97 and 70.82 ± 17.89, respectively. The phrase “To know the facts concerning my child’s prognosis” with 23%, and the phrase “To be told about the people who could help with problems” with 22.8% were the most common unmet needs reported by the parents.ConclusionThe present study indicated that caring for a child with cancer had confronted mothers with new needs to be met; however, not all of these needs had been satisfied. Awareness about the unmet needs of these mothers and planning to manage those needs can lay the groundwork to improve their health.

Introduction: Nursing students' communication skills lead to their health services. The present study aims to determine the impact of communication skills training on nursing students' satisfaction in relation with patients. Methods: This semi-experimental study consists of one group of pre and posttest. 35 nursing students through simple random sampling were selected. Data was collected by a demographic data, "Queen-Dom Communication Skills Test" (the validity and reliability has been approved in previous studies), and "Nursing Student Satisfaction in Communicating with Patients". The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity from 10 lecturers and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's Alpha from 10 students. Data was analyzed by SPSS/21. Results: In pre-intervention stage, the average nursing student satisfaction rate in communicating with patients and its different aspects changed from 2.48 in patient's clinical state (min) to 3.46 in verbal communication state (max). In post-intervention stage, the average parameters changed from 3.68 in patients' clinical state to 4.50 in verbal communication state. In post-intervention stage, the average nursing student satisfaction rate was more than the average (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Communication skills training for nursing students leads to increase in their satisfaction with patients. It is suggested that nursing teaches and managers pay more attention to communication skill training in both theoretical and practical courses.