Aims and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria which exist in oral cavity sores and is challenging for oral diseases specialists. The development of resistance to antibiotics has caused researchers to think of using new treatment approaches such as phage therapy. This study aims to identify and isolate the bacteriophage that is effective on P. aeruginosa causing oral infections. The present research is a laboratory study on six Pseudomonas spp. strains with different carbapenemase-resistant genes. Materials and Methods: Specific phages were isolated from enriched sludge (microbial pentavalent compound). After isolation, to examine the physical and biological structure of bacteriophage, uracil negative staining protocol was used, and finally, the structure was observed using an electron microscope. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated by double layer and spot method. Results: Two types of bacteriophages from Plasmaviridae and Inoviridae families were identified. Isolated phages had the physical and biological structure of bacteriophage and had bactericidal effects against Pseudomonas spp. isolates harboring SPM gene and multi-drug resistant isolates. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate the usefulness of bacteriophages for controlling carbapenemase resistant isolates. They can be used in combination with other therapies such as antibiotics or mouth washes especially in deep infectious areas such as mouth ulcers.

Background Air pollution in cities has always been a permanent and serious threat for the health of society and the environment, influencing the health of different body organs and systems both acutely and chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollution in saliva Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in children. Materials and methods A total of 88, 8- to 10-year-old children were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Group I, the case group, included 44 children from Tabriz (Iranian Azerbaijan), and group II, the control group, included 44 children from Kalibar Town (of Tabriz). Both groups in this study had a similar economic status. Following sampling and selection of individuals, for measuring the levels of saliva IL-8, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method was used. To investigate the difference between the means of the groups, independent t test or its nonparametric equivalent, i.e., Man—Whitney test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 were used. In this study, p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results of this study indicate a significant difference in the levels of saliva IL-8 between the two groups, where the mean level of saliva IL-8 is greater in children residing in the region with higher air pollution level than in the children dwelling in the region with a greater air pollution level (p = 0.001). Conclusion The results obtained from this study indicated that the level of saliva IL-8 increases in regions with air pollution, potentially causing several mouth problems in children. How to cite this article Mehrbani SP, Babaloo Z, Jamali Z, Abdollahian T, Eslami H, Sobhani N. Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children. World J Dent 2016;7(4):175-178.

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Metabolic syndrome or X syndrome includes a group of metabolic and non-metabolic disorders, that increase the risk of some disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in healthy subjects and patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was conducted. In this cross-sectional study 33 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis which were referred to Department of Oral Medicine of Tabriz dental school were studied. The inclusion criteria included consent to participates in the study, lack of underlying disease associated with RAS such as Behcet’s syndrome and lack of systemic diseases. RAS patients were examined in terms of risk of the metabolic syndrome and 33 age and sex matched healthy individuals were selected and examined in terms of risk of metabolic syndrome. Data samples from check list contain demographic and laboratory findings were collected. Results showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with RAS (21.2%) was significantly higher than in healthy people (9.1%). (p<0.05) Female percentage of RAS patients with metabolic syndrome were 71.4 and Male percentage of RAS patients with metabolic syndrome were 28.6. Given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with RAS, this syndrome can be considered as a risk factor for RAS.