Bi-rigid guide wire enables endoscope insertion into winding small gas pipelines 1. Introduction Pipelines are indispensable for supplying resources to cities and homes (Takeshima and Takayama, 2018; Y. Li et al., 2019). In Japan, the underground gas pipeline extends for more than 1.5 billion km (Gas Pipe Overview, 2018). Generally, gas is sent through main pipes under the public road and branches into external gas pipes at residential sites (Fig. 1). The main pipes are of size "50A" (diameter: 52.9 mm), whereas the external gas pipes are of size "25A" (diameter: 27.6 mm) (Gas Pipe Overview, 2018). External gas pipes have four sets of two turns consisting of a bend and an elbow (Gas Pipe Overview, 2018). The total length of an external pipe is about 7.0 m. Because these pipes are installed underground, they are not being maintained. Therefore, corrosion often appears inside the pipes as they age (Cole and Marney, 2012). The most widespread method of inspecting the interior of a gas pipe is visual inspection using an endoscope. One example is using a flexible microscope, as shown in Fig. 2. The operator uses the hand console to manipulate the tip with the microscope camera. However, it is impossible to insert a microscope into a buried pipe because the microscope buckles and stops in the pipe. Thus, when an accident occurs at an external gas pipeline, the buried pipes are dug up randomly until the staff finds the causes. This requires stopping the gas flow and digging up the branch pipe extending from the load (Ogai and Bhattacharya, 2018). The entire process takes more than 1 day, and the gas cannot be used while the pipes are being inspected. Furthermore, digging up and refilling the load has a high cost, which includes personal expenditure and catering (Cole and Marney, 2012).

Objective The treatment background, as well as the frequency and type of complications, in autologous (auto-) and allogeneic (allo-) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors influence the appearance of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior. We therefore assessed differences in the MVPA and sedentary behavior between auto- and allo-HSCT survivors. Methods This prospective observational study included 13 auto- and 36 allo-HSCT survivors (approximately 4 years after HSCT). The MVPA and sedentary behavior were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer. Results There were no significant between-group differences in the MVPA or sedentary behavior (p=0.768 and 0.739, respectively). In allo-HSCT survivors, the MVPA was negatively correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (r=-0.358, p=0.032). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age was a significant predictor of sedentary behavior in allo-HSCT survivors (β=0.400, p=0.016). Conclusion We observed no significant between-group differences in the MVPA or sedentary behavior. Our results suggest that it may be unnecessary to change the rehabilitation program according to the donor type in interventions for promoting MVPA and reducing sedentary behavior in long-term HSCT survivors.

Purpose: The treatment background, as well as the frequency and type of complications, in autologous (auto-) and allogeneic (allo-) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors influence the appearance of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior. We aimed to identify differences in MVPA and sedentary behavior between auto- and allo-HSCT survivors. Methods: We included 13 auto- and 36 allo-HSCT survivors (≈ 4 years after HSCT). MVPA and sedentary behavior were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer.Results: There were no significant between-group differences in MVPA and sedentary behavior (p = 0.768 and 0.739, respectively). In allo-HSCT survivors, MVPA was negatively correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (r = -0.358, p = 0.032). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age was a significant predictor of sedentary behavior in allo-HSCT survivors (β = 0.400, p = 0.016). Conclusion: We observed no significant between-group differences in MVPA and sedentary behavior. Our results suggest that it may be unnecessary to change the rehabilitation program according to the donor type in interventions for promoting MVPA and reducing sedentary behavior in long-term HSCT survivors.