ResumenEn el presente estudio, enmarcado en la historiografía de las ideologías lingüísticas, describimos cuáles eran las creencias que funcionaban como criterios normativos para la estandarización lingüística en el Chile de fines del siglo XIX, tal como se encuentran representadas en el 'Diccionario de chilenismos' (1875) del abogado y político chileno Zorobabel Rodríguez. Efectuamos esta descripción a través del análisis del discurso argumentativo contenido en una muestra de entradas del diccionario, a las cuales aplicamos el modelo de análisis de Toulmin. Mediante este análisis, de enfoque cualitativo, identificamos conclusiones, datos y garantías, y consideramos estas últimas como reveladoras de las creencias normativas de Rodríguez. Encontramos siete creencias normativas en la muestra, que revelan un modelo ideal de lengua española congruente con la ideología monoglósica y compatible con las ideas lingüísticas racionalistas y propeninsulares de los unionistas chilenos.Palabras Clave: Historiografía lingüística, ideologías lingüísticas, estandarización lingüística, argumentación, diccionarios de provincialismos. Argumentación y estandarización lingüística:Creencias normativas en el 'Diccionario de chilenismos ' (1875)

In this paper we analyze the attitudes that 400 subjects from Santiago de Chile show towards the dialects of Spanish spoken by the three main groups of immigrants in this city: Peruvians, Argentinians, and Colombians. We observe their attitudes on the basis of concepts such as correctness, liking, and similarity, and also on the basis of associations with a number of non-linguistic concepts. We conclude that valuation of these varieties depend both on linguistic and nonlinguistic factors (correspondence of these varieties with the linguistic profile of an ideal model of correct Spanish and social valuation of their speakers, respectively). Moreover, we point out that the attitudes observed, which belong to the host society, may affect the social integration of these groups of immigrants, and in different ways in each case.

In this study we analyze ego-documents and metalinguistic texts from nineteenth century and early twentieth century Chilean Spanish showing a number of cases of phonetic-phonological hypercorrections. Our focus is the interaction between language-normative discourses and language use. We work with the assumption that hypercorrections are a symptom of the speakers’ linguistic consciousness regarding the norm and the (overt) prestige associated with certain variants, and thus they reveal the influence that normative ideas exert over language use. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Chilean Spanish underwent a process of linguistic standardization, which manifested itself through a number of ‘disciplinary texts’ (grammars, dictionaries) that offered an exoglossic normative model. Chilean Spanish differed from this normative model in a number of features which were subject to overt condemnation and also were precisely those affected by hypercorrection in our data.

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This article explores how women from the lower ranks of Chilean society mobilized a dynamic address system through affective letter-writing to negotiate their familial position and identity at the end of Chile’s Nitrate Era. Inspired by the third wave in historical sociolinguistics and in dialogue with the glottopolitical perspective, the study foregrounds the interactive nature of ego-documents by analyzing indexical connections between address choice, emotions and unequal gendered relationships between partners. The pragmatic analysis of a set of letters written by women between 1913 and 1928 shows insightful connections between address choice, speech acts, emotions and politeness strategies. By linking textual evidence to the material conditions in which letter-writing is embedded, the article illustrates how women writers negotiated their position and personae within the family structure by inscribing letter-writing in a system of patriarchal reciprocity. This suggests that address choices and the expression of emotions are an index of gendered reciprocal practices that allowed women to preserve their familial structure in the context of industrialization and labor migration.