PURPOSE:To determine predisposing factors and to analyze visual outcomes after a dropped nucleus in vitreous originating during cataract surgery. Evaluation of management and outcome of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. Evaluation of risk factors for poor visual outcomes, comparison of visual acuity following various types of IOL implantation. METHODS: 30 patients were prospectively reviewed having dropped nucleus or retained lens matter over a period of 11 months to determine the various associated factors and prognosis after pars plana vitrectomy and IOL implantation. Pre and Post-operative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasound was done. Risk factors, Type of IOL, type of cataract surgery, complications and final visual outcomes were analyzed. All patients underwent 21 G pars plana vitrectomy and lens fragments were removed with phacofragmentome, vitrectomy cutter or delivered through limbus. RESULTS: 30 eyes of consecutive patients were studied. There were 20(66.66%) males and 10(33.33%) females. Associated risk factors found were 2(6.66%) PEX, 1(3.33%) subluxated lens. The BCVA after 11 months of PPV was found to be >6/12 in 20(66.6%) and <6/12 in 10(33.4%). Visual Rehabilitation was done with PCIOL in 22(73.33%), ACIOL in 4(13.33%), SFIOL in 4(13.33%). Poor visual outcome following PPV was attributed to RD in 2(6.7%), CME 1(3.3%), raised IOP 9(29.9%) [8(26.6% before and 1(3.3%) After PPV]. Rise of IOP was found in 8(26.60%) before PPV and 1(3.33%) after PPV.

To pre-operatively stage macular hole based on OCT and to calculate Macular Hole Index and Hole Form Factor. To determine post-operative visual outcome and macular hole closure. METHODS: Prospectively reviewed 25 eyes of Macular Hole. All the patients with complain of diminution of vision and defective central field of vision were examined. Before and after surgery complete clinical examination and OCT was performed which included macular hole diameter at the level of RPE(base diameter) and at the minimal extent of hole(minimum diameter),Vertical Height, Horizontal Diameter, Left Arm Length, Right Arm Length ,Macular Hole Index and Hole Form Factor. 21 Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy with ILM peeling was performed in all patients. RESULTS: 25 eyes of 25 consecutive patients were studied. There were 14 (56%) men and 11(44%) women, with an average age of 60 years (50 to 75 years, median 60 years) Mean follow up time was 1 month. At 3 months 6 of 25 patients (24%) attained a visual acuity greater than or equal to 6/36. Patients of macular hole were found to be most in idiopathic (18/25, 72%) in nature .On OCT most of the macular hole in stage 3 and stage 4 were associated with subretinal fluid, epiretinal membrane.12% patients had Grade II,40% had Grade III, 48% had Grade IV Macular Hole.Negative co-relation was found between both the base and minimum diameterand post-operative visual acuity. Post-operative outcome is better in pateints with MHI >0.5, HFF>0.9.