For thousands of years mankind is using plant sources to alleviate or cure illness 1. Novel chemical compounds synthesis from the plant active constituents, which are of potential use in medicine and other usefull application. Herbal remedies are popular remedies for diseases used by a vast vast majority of the world's population 2. Herbal plants having many pharmacologically active compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, phenols, fixed oils, which is stored in their specific parts of leaves, bark, flowers, seed, fruits, root etc. 3. Biophytum sensitivum (family-Oxalidaceae) having different pharmacological activities such as dengu,anticancer, antiinflammatory, chemoprotective, antidiabetic and wound healing activities of their different parts 4-8 .

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The paper describe a computer-based method to calculate the series resistance R s of a millimeter wave Ka-band packaged IMPATT diode from small signal conductance-susceptance characteristics. The series resistance R s has been calculated at the threshold condition when the small signal conductance of the packaged diode just becomes negative and the device susceptance becomes positive. Again, the value of series resistance R s has been determined from the measurement of threshold current and threshold frequency with the silicon Ka-band IMPATT diode embedded in a resonant cap cavity which agrees well with the values obtained by the computer method.

Background and purpose of the studyThe objective of the study was to develop and characterize Diclofenac Diethylamine (DDEA) transdermal patch using Silicone and acrylic adhesives combination.MethodsModified solvent evaporation method was employed for casting of film over Fluoropolymer coated polyester release liner. Initial studies included solubilization of drug in the polymers using solubilizers. The formulations with combination of adhesives were attempted to combine the desirable features of both the adhesives. The effect of the permeation enhancers on the drug permeation were studied using pig ear skin. All the optimized patches were subjected to adhesion, dissolution and stability studies. A 7-day skin irritancy test on albino rabbits and an in vivo anti-inflammatory study on wistar rats by carrageenan induced paw edema method were also performed.ResultsThe results indicated the high percent drug permeation (% CDP-23.582) and low solubility nature (1%) of Silicone adhesive and high solubility (20%) and low% CDP (10.72%) of acrylic adhesive. The combination of adhesives showed desirable characteristics for DDEA permeation with adequate % CDP and sufficient solubility. Release profiles were found to be dependent on proportion of polymer and type of permeation enhancer. The anti-inflammatory study revealed the sustaining effect and high percentage inhibition of edema of C4/OLA (99.68%). The acute skin irritancy studies advocated the non-irritant nature of the adhesives used.ConclusionIt was concluded that an ideal of combination of adhesives would serve as the best choice, for fabrication of DDEA patches, for sustained effect of DDEA with better enhancement in permeation characteristics and robustness.

Thisarticlepresentsanintegratedapproachtowardstheeconomicaloperationofahybridsystem which consists of conventional thermal generators and renewable energy sources like windmills usingagrasshopperoptimizationalgorithm(GOA).Thisisbasedonthesocialinteractionnatureof thegrasshopper,consideringacarbontaxontheemissionsfromthethermalunitanduncertaintyin windpoweravailability.TheWeibulldistributionisusedfornonlinearityofwindpoweravailability. Astandardsystem,containingsixthermalunitsandtwowindfarms,isusedfortestingthedispatch modelofthreedifferentloads.TheGOAresultsarecomparedwiththoseobtainedusingarecently developedquantum-inspiredparticleswarmoptimization(QPSO)optimizationtechniqueavailable intheliterature.ThesimulationresultsdemonstratetheefficacyandabilityofGOAovertheQPSO algorithmintermsofconvergencerateandminimumfitnessvalue.Performanceanalysisunderwind powerintegrationandemissionminimizationfurtherconfirmsthesupremacyoftheGOAalgorithm.