Therapeutic exercises and mobilization are strongly recommended for reducing pain, improving range of motion (ROM) and function in patients with stages 2 and 3 of frozen shoulder. Low-level laser therapy is strongly suggested for pain relief and moderately suggested for improving function but not recommended for improving ROM. Corticosteroid injections can be used for stage 1 frozen shoulder. Acupuncture with therapeutic exercises is moderately recommended for pain relief, improving ROM and function. Electro- therapy can help in providing short-term pain relief. Continuous passive motion is recommended for short-term pain relief but not for improving ROM or function. Deep heat can be used for pain relief and improving ROM. Ultrasound for pain relief, improving ROM or function is not recommended.

In a study of healthy older adults, the 3MBW demonstrated similar or better diagnostic accuracy for falls in the past year than most commonly used measures. People walking faster than 3.0 seconds on the 3MBW were unlikely to have reported falling, whereas people slower than 4.5 seconds were very likely to have reported falling. Further validation of the 3MBW in prospective studies, larger samples, and clinical populations is recommended.

Objective To investigate the influence of time taken to begin musculoskeletal rehabilitation on injury recurrence and ankle-related medical care use at 1 year after ankle sprain. Design Retrospective cohort study of all beneficiaries of the US Military Health System seeking care for an ankle sprain over a 4-year period. Methods Individuals were classified according to whether they did or did not receive physical rehabilitation. For those who received rehabilitation (n = 6150), linear relationships (with appropriate covariate controls) were analyzed with generalized linear models and generalized additive models to measure the effects of rehabilitation timing on injury recurrence and injury-related medical care use (costs and visits) at 1 year after injury. The nonlinear effect of rehabilitation timing on the probability of recurrence was assessed. Results Approximately 1 in 4 people received rehabilitation. The probability of ankle sprain recurrence increased for each day that rehabilitation was not provided during the first week. The probability of ankle sprain recurrence plateaued until about 2 months after initial injury, then increased again, with 2 times greater odds of recurrence compared to those who received physical rehabilitation within the first month. When rehabilitation care was delayed, recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.28), number of foot/ankle-related visits (OR = 1.22), and foot/ankle-related costs increased (OR = 1.13; up to $1400 per episode). Conclusion The earlier musculoskeletal rehabilitation care started after an ankle sprain, the lower the likelihood of recurrence and the downstream ankle-related medical costs incurred. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(12):619–627. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10730

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Background: This is a feasibility study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel lightweight ankle exoskeleton on gait and balance in an individual with Parkinson disease (PD). Case Description: An 85-year old woman with a 5-year history of PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.5) participated in the study. The participant received 4 visits over 4 weeks including 1 evaluation and three 30-minute training sessions wearing the ankle exoskeleton. Results: The participant demonstrated a 26% reduction in metabolic cost during walking and nearly 10% improvement in peak anterior-posterior center-of-pressure displacement during balance testing with untethered exoskeleton assistance compared with baseline. Conclusion: Participant-specific ankle exoskeleton is a feasible and safe intervention that can improve walking economy as well as balance in individuals with PD.