Background: The object of this work was to evaluate of the hepatic effects of the herbicides glyphosate-Roundup® by different doses in both sexes of albino rats. Methods: Forty animals divided into four groups with ten animals for each (both sexes) were treated orally with vehicle (controls) and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg bwt of glyphosate-Roundup® (treated groups) for 15 days daily. Results: The most conspicuous changes occurred on the liver treated groups due to glyphosate toxicity were the increase of enzymes activities of ALT and AST, cellular infiltration, many signs of nucleus degeneration, focal necrosis, rarified cytoplasm, disorganization of cellular organelles, and deposition of lipid droplets. The increase in the amount of collagenous fibers and the number of the mast cell were also observed. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the administration of glyphosate-Roundup® in different doses may cause adverse effects on the histopathological, ultrastructure, and biochemical alternations on the liver of the albino rats.

No abstract

The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.

No abstract

The frequency distribution of the non-specific esterase activity using naphthyl acetate as substrate in susceptible (S-), field parent and cypermethrin resistant (CYP-R) strains were measured in the homogenate of individual larva (about 260 larvae) from each strain. The activity was calculated as nmol naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing/min/larva. The results indicated that the differences in esterase activity among the individual larvae were about 3.5, 7.0 and 15-fold in CYP-R-strain, field parent and susceptible strains, respectively.The mean values of -naphthyl acetate hydrolyzed by esterases from susceptible, field parent, and cypermethrin resistant strains were 17.66, 61.31 and 216.36 nmol substrate hydrolyzing/min/larva, respectively. Based on the mean value of the esterase activity in resistant strain (216.36), it can be calculate the percentage of resistant genotype in the field parent strain which was up to 9.34%. The frequency distribution of non-specific esterase activity in individual larvae of the three tested strain revealed that the majority of the individuals exhibited a distinguishable activity pattern, consistent with the susceptibility to the pyrethroid cypermethrin. The results suggest that the metabolic detoxification processes via the non-specific esterases play an important role as resistance mechanism against cypermethrin insecticide in the larvae of C. pipiens mosquito.