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Subject. Pediatricians play an important role in the foundation of a healthy lifestyle of children and their parents. The subject matter is the pediatric faculty students dental diseases prevention awareness level, since children, adolescents and their parents health education is one of important aspects of their future professional activities. Purpose ― study of major dental diseases prevention knowledge level of the pediatric faculty students. Methodology. A survey of 141 5th year students of the pediatric faculty was conducted, including 120 (85.1 %) girls and 21 (14.9 %) men. The students were offered to answer 35 questions regarding eating habits, the causes of tooth decay, the rules of tooth brushing, oral hygiene products, the reasons for visiting a dentist, medical activity of students. Results. The analysis of questionnaires showed that 82.3 % (116) of students under survey follow the oral care regular rules. The survey also showed that the students do not know all the technique rules of tooth brushing. The analysis of the pediatric faculty students’ opinion of their knowledge level of the reasons for tooth diseases and periodontal tissues showed that 25.5 % of respondents know enough: 63.8 % want to know more; 10.6 % said they do not know enough. Regarding the medical activity 29.1 % of the respondents answered that they regularly visit the dentist 2 or more times a year, 46.1 % ― once a year, 12.7 % ― every 2-3 years, 11.3 % ― when they have a tooth ache. 31.9 % of respondents correctly listed the methods to prevent dental caries. Conclusion. The pediatric faculty students have an insufficient level of knowledge of the reasons for dental diseases and their prevention methods. The results of the survey indicate the necessity of a correct understanding of the importance of this problem by the pediatric faculty students.

The study of the pathogenesis of enamel demineralization in children living in a city with ecotoxicants is an urgent task of modern dentistry. We examined 183 schoolchildren aged 7 and 12 in Ufa. The children were divided into groups depending on where they live. The first group included 94 children from an area located in an industrial district with an environmentally unfavorable situation. The second group (control) included 89 schoolchildren living in an ecologically good district of the city of Ufa. We studied the content of free calcium in the saliva of schoolchildren in two districts of the city of Ufa. When determining the activity of caries according to Vinogradova T.F. (I, II, III degree) among 7 and 12-year-old children, we did not reveal a high correlation between the district where the children live and the concentration of free calcium in the oral fluid. In the mixed saliva of 7-year-old schoolchildren of the first and second groups, the concentration of free calcium was 0.645 ± 0.018 and 0.638 ± 0.011 mm/l (p > 0.05), in 12-year-olds it was 0.603 ± 0.050 and 0.597 ± 0.040 mm/l (p > 0.05). In the industrial district, we noted the maximum increase in free calcium at the III degree of caries activity. This indicator was 0.851 ± 0.006 mmol/l (p < 0.001) in 7-year-old children, and 0.760 ± 0.005 mmol/l in 12-year-old schoolchildren (p < 0.001). While in the district without ecotoxicants, free calcium in 7-year-old schoolchildren was 0.846 ± 0.026 mmol/l (p < 0.001), and in 12-year-old children it was 0.774 ± 0.010 mmol/l (p < 0.001). Thus, the third degree of caries activity is highly correlated with an increase in the concentration of free calcium in saliva, which is proved by studies of oral fluid in schoolchildren from different districts of Ufa.

Background. The article presents the results of a dental examination of 68 schoolchildren of 12-15 years with visual impairment. Objectives ― to study the dental status of blind and visually impaired children in the period of permanent bite, the necessity of sanation, the level of dental care. Methods. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries, dental-maxillary anomalies, soft tissue anomalies, functional disorders of the dental-maxillary system, the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the necessity of sanation, the level of dental care of the examined schoolchildren were estimated. For determination of the intensity of dental caries the KPU index was used. The study of the structure of this index made it possible to determine the necessity of sanation of the oral cavity, the level of caries intensity (PEC index, Leus PA, 1990) and the level of dental care (USP index, Leus PA, 1988) in this category of schoolchildren. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was estimated by the Green-Vermillion Index. The examination results were put down into the children’s registration cards of dental status (WHO, 2013). Results. During the dental examination, a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, poor oral hygiene among schoolchildren aged 12-15 years with visual impairment were found. The majority of the examined children suffered from dental-maxillary anomalies, anomalies of soft tissues, dysfunction of the dental-maxillary system. Anomalies of separete teeth had the largest percentage among the tooth-jaw anomalies. As a result of the examination, a high necessity of sanation and an insufficient level of dental care were established. Conclusions. The results of this work indicate the necessity of the planning measures for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases of children with this pathology.