RESUMO.Na gravidez ocorrem mudanças biológicas, somáticas, psicológicas e sociais que influenciam a dinâmica psíquica individual e as demais relações sociais da gestante, e maneira como ela vive estas mudanças repercute intensamente na constituição da maternidade e na relação mãe-bebê. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os sentimentos das gestantes sobre a maternidade, com destaque para a relação entre o período gestacional e a constituição da maternidade. Participaram do estudo 39 gestantes primíparas, entre 19 e 37 anos, no terceiro trimestre de gestação. A análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas mostrou que as gestantes passaram por importantes transformações corporais, pessoais e interpessoais durante a gestação e vivenciaram intensos sentimentos em relação ao tornar-se mãe. Os achados sugerem que na gestação o processo de constituição da maternidade está em intenso desenvolvimento, assim como o próprio exercício ativo do papel materno.
To what extent the cognitive impairment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is modulated by autoimmune and/or inflammatory activity is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peripheral inflammation on cognitive functions of patients with active (Ac-), controlled (Co-) RA and healthy controls. In a cross-sectional study, 102 RA patients and 30 matched healthy controls were recruited. B and T cell subsets were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokines and neurotrophins were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Cognitive performance, depression and stress were evaluated by structured clinical interviews. Generalized linear modeling (GzLM) was used to compare differences between groups and multiple linear regression models were used to explore the predictive value of immune variables on cognitive performance. RA patients had overall cognitive impairment. Of note, the Ac-RA had the poorest performance on digit span (DST) and N-back when compared to Co-RA and control group (DST 9.9 ± 2.1, 12.9 ± 4.2, 15.5 ± 4.7, respectively; N-back 49.2 ± 8.3, 55.5 ± 11.1, 60.8 ± 9.1, respectively, all p < 0.0001). RA patients had expansions of immature B cells (Ac-RA 11.2 ± 7.1, Co-RA: 9 ± 5.7, control 5.9 ± 2.1) and plasma cells (Ac-RA 5.2 ± 2.5, Co-RA 6.9 ± 3.7, control 2.8 ± 1.7) as compared to controls, all p < 0.05. RA patients (controlled and active disease) had higher plasma levels of TNF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 than controls (all p < 0.002). RA patients had higher BDNF levels (Ac-RA 17,354.4 ± 5357.3, Co-RA 13,841.2 ± 5953.7, control 11,543.3 ± 3772), but lower GDNF levels [median (interquartile range) Ac-RA 0 pg/ml (0.0), Co-RA 0 pg/ml (4.6) and control 4.7 pg/ml (18.1)] than controls (all p < 0.05). RA patients had global cognitive impairment, which was associated with disease activity and immune changes.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with premature immunosenescence and an increased prevalence of age-related morbidities including poor cognitive function. Objective: We explored the relationships among lymphocyte subsets and memory in RA. Methods: Thirty patients with RA and 19 age-matched healthy controls took part in this study. Cognitive function stress and depression scores were evaluated by structured clinical questionnaires. Lymphocytes were isolated and immunophenotyped by flow cytometry to investigate the following subsets: B cells, activated and naïve/memory T cells, regulatory FoxP3+ T (Treg) cells, Th17+ cells, NK cells and senescence-associated CD28- T cells. Results: RA patients were more depressed than controls, but stress levels were similar in the 2 groups. Patients had impaired memory performance compared to controls, demonstrated by lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and logical and working memories (all p < 0.0001). These group effects remained significant after correcting for depression and age. Patients had expansion of regulatory T cells, naïve CD4+ T cells and CD8+CD28- cells but reduced percentages of B cells and memory CD8+CD45RO+ T cells compared to controls. CD8+CD28- and CD8+CD45RO+ T cells were found to be negatively associated with memory. Conclusion: RA patients had reduced memory performance compared to healthy controls. Expansion of activated and senescence-associated T cells was correlated with poor memory performance.
INTRODUÇÃO: Dado o envelhecimento populacional, torna-se relevante avaliar a sobrecarga e a qualidade de vida de quem cuida dos idosos. Essa prática costuma ser árdua. O cuidador precisa acrescentar, às atividades diárias, tarefas referentes ao idoso, expondo-se a um elevado padrão de burden (sobrecarga), ou aspectos negativos associados ao cuidado de dependentes. Isso pode levar a uma piora da qualidade de vida e consequente adoecimento. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil sóciodemográfico e a relação entre a sobrecarga e a percepção de qualidade de vida de cuidadores de idosos do Núcleo de Atendimento à Terceira Idade do Exército (Natiex). MÉTODOS: 61 participantes foram investigados a partir dos instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF e Zarit Burden Interview. RESULTADOS: Dos 61 cuidadores avaliados, 78,6% eram do sexo feminino, 75,4% filhas, 50,8% casados, 62,3% com mais de 50 anos e 95,1% exerciam a atividade sem remuneração. Foi identificada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o aumento da sobrecarga e a piora da percepção de qualidade de vida (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: À medida que aumenta a sobrecarga, ocorre uma piora da percepção de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios: relações, psicológico, físico e ambiental (domínio ambiente teve o maior impacto). Os resultados encontrados foram superiores a outras amostras brasileiras, possivelmente pela maior facilidade do militar a recursos de saúde. Grupos de apoio a cuidadores devem ser estimulados como prevenção primária das morbidades relacionadas ao cuidar, tendo em vista a demanda crescente de idosos dependentes em nosso meio.
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