Low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia was associated with mild and transient proteinuria. However, the observed proteinuria was not associated with any changes in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and creatinine clearance in these patients with no preexisting renal disease.

a positive response. The probability of no response Summary to stress was analysed using logistic regression to We have investigated the cardiovascular and plasma obtain the probability of no response vs. end-tidal noradrenaline response to surgical incision under sesevoflurane concentration and the best-fit curve from voflurane anaesthesia and determined the end-tidal the maximum likelihood estimators of the model paraconcentration of sevoflurane that blocks the admeters. MAC BAR (mean±SE) was 8.0±0.2%, MAC BCR renergic response or responses to surgical incision was 7.9±0.2%. However, such high doses of se-(MAC BAR ) and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) voflurane cannot be used clinically because of their high toxicity. It may be preferable to combine sein response to surgical incision (MAC BCR ) in 50% of voflurane with other anaesthetics to reduce haemowomen. We randomly assigned 64 female patients, dynamic responses to strong stimulation. aged 20-49 years, to eight groups according to endtidal sevoflurane concentration: 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%,

No abstract

Bioacoustics monitoring has become increasingly popular for studying the behavior and ecology of vocalizing birds. This study aims to verify the practical effectiveness of localization technology for auditory monitoring of endangered Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris) which inhabits wetlands in remote areas with thick vegetation. Their crepuscular and highly secretive nature, except during the breeding season when they vocalize advertisement calls, make them difficult to monitor. Because of the increasing rates of habitat loss, surveying accurate numbers and their habitat needs are both important conservation tasks. We investigated the feasibility of localizing their booming calls, at a low frequency range between 100–200 Hz, using microphone arrays and robot audition HARK (Honda Research Institute, Audition for Robots with Kyoto University). We first simulated sound source localization of actual bittern calls for microphone arrays of radii 10 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, and 10 m, under different noise levels. Second, we monitored bitterns in an actual field environment using small microphone arrays (height = 12 cm; width = 8 cm), in the Sarobetsu Mire, Hokkaido Island, Japan. The simulation results showed that the spectral detectability was higher for larger microphone arrays, whereas the temporal detectability was higher for smaller microphone arrays. We identified that false detection in smaller microphone arrays, which was coincidentally generated in the calculation proximate to the transfer function for the opposite side. Despite technical limitations, we successfully localized booming calls of at least two males in a reverberant wetland, surrounded by thick vegetation and riparian trees. This study is the first case of localizing such rare birds using small-sized microphone arrays in the field, thereby presenting how this technology could contribute to auditory surveys of population numbers, behaviors, and microhabitat selection, all of which are difficult to investigate using other observation methods. This methodology is not only useful for the better understanding of bitterns, but it can also be extended to investigate other rare nocturnal birds with low-frequency vocalizations, without direct ringing or tagging. Our results also suggest a future necessity for a robust localization system to avoid reverberation and echoing in the field, resulting in the false detection of the target birds.

Tracheal extubation in 50% of anaesthetized children age 2-10 yr may be accomplished without coughing or moving at 2.3% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane.