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This article examines the involvement of citizens in the process of making technological decisions aimed at developing a smart environment, from smart home to urban infrastructure. The study is based on an approach that takes into account the dual behavior of the consumer of smart services - passive and active behavior. Highlighted the contradictions that create obstacles to the effective functioning of the smart city: the selective multidirectionality of the smart city development strategy and sustainable development goals; developing smart solutions for citizens without taking into account their opinions; polar approach of smart city residents to involvement in the development and implementation of smart solutions. The risks associated with the likelihood of incomplete return from the use of smart solutions are identified: consumer distrust of data security and privacy; insufficient literacy of residents regarding understanding of smart technology management processes; significant financial costs and the orientation of smart solutions to wealthy citizens; lack of sufficient evidence of the effectiveness of using a number of smart solutions; the difficulty of implementing an integrated approach to ensuring the growth of the quality of life of citizens. In accordance with the concept of the study, two directions for mitigating or eliminating risks are proposed - depending on the significant or insignificant involvement of citizens. Specific measures have been developed to help mitigate and eliminate risks. The experience of the creation of the People’s Institute of the Voronezh State Technical University was used.

In the article the essence of outsourcing as a new form of employment relations is considered, its features are defined in comparison with traditional forms of employment, its advantages and disadvantages are given. The authors describe the reasons why companies resort to outsourcing, in particular, on the example of small business, illustrate the strategic importance of outsourcing. The practical application of outsourcing is becoming more widespread in the modern business. The scientific and actual role of outsourcing in the management of the enterprise has greatly increased, which is proved by the fact that today more than fifty per cent of current foreign companies apply data approach. Thus today in the Russian Federation outsourcing is at an early stage of formation and relates mainly to restructuring of business entities and development of the market of information technologies. The analysis allowed determining the provisional value of the outsourcers’ services. The basis of determining the cost of the services is the cost of maintenance of one unit of standard accounting service. The calculations show that for the investigated enterprise it is very advantageous to transfer a number of business process to outsourcing, and there is a need to carefully consider over the choice of an outsourcer in order to avoid the negative sides of the work under this type of agreements. When deciding about outsourcing, one needs to analyze the financial and organizational costs, while keeping the risks of associated with the work in terms of outsourcing in the analysis area.

The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the capitalization methods of enterprises in the construction industry by analyzing of internal and external expansion. The paper analyzes models of capitalization with vertical and horizontal integration in the cluster structure, considers factors of growth of capitalization through cluster structures that have the greatest potential for innovative development. They ensure effective binding of internal resources in the innovative development projects, while using external sources of growth as fully as possible. As a result of the study, the algorithm was developed to form and implement the capitalization mechanism of activity of construction enterprises on the basis of the implementation concept of new forms of activity.

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