Analysis of the technological qualities of spring wheat grain showed, that high-natural grain can be obtained from the varieties of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov breeding - 62.5% of years. All studied varieties of spring durum wheat form high-natural grains of 87.5% years. Grain with high glassiness is characteristic to varieties of spring wheat of Samara breeding of 75.0% years and Orenburg and Saratov breeding - 87.5% years. High glassiness grain of spring durum wheat varities of Samara and Saratov breeding constitute 87.5% of the years, and the Orenburg selection of 100% of the years. Grain, which protein content is greater than 14% or more in Orenburg steppe, was formed only by varieties of soft wheat Orenburg breeding and Ukrainian durum wheat breeding in years of 12.5%. Grain, corresponding to 1 class by the content of gluten, in our experiments was obtained from following varieties: soft wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov - in 62.5% of the years; durum wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 25.0% of the years, and Ukrainian - 62.5% years. The investigation of soft wheat varieties form grain of I-III quality group and grade durum wheat - II-III quality group.

Terms of plant water availability during the growing season of barley promote the wide variability in the size of plant organs of modern barley varieties of Orenburg breeding. In favorable conditions, the spring barley varieties form tall crops, long stems and large ears. Tall crops are typical to Armilid, Orenburgskiy 11, Orenburgskiy 17, Pervotselinnik and T 12 varieties. In dry conditions, there is a noticeable decrease in the value of the morphological features of the barley plants. The greatest advantage over the standard one according to the length of stem and ear in drought conditions was observed in Pervotselinnik varity. Mathematical analysis revealed a close relationship between the productivity of spring barley varieties on morphological characters sizes. Analysis of the graphs showed, that with an increase in plant height, stem length and ear length, an increase of the productivity is observed in the range of parameters studied morphological traits of modern spring barley varieties. The optimal parameters for the plant height of spring barley make up 82-88 cm; ear length - 8,5-9,7 cm; stem length - 75-80 cm; stem length ration to ear - 10,00-10,50 units. These values of morphological characters allow to obtain a high yield in the steppes of Orenburg Ural region. The optimal combination of plant organs parameters is observed in Armilid, Myar 2 and Pervotselinnik varities.

The article summarizes the results of surveys on the development of the spring wheat disease. The composition of the pathogenic complex in the Orenburg region was analyzed. The paper cites an assessment of the stability of varieties of different origin in the forest steppe and steppe zones of Orenburg Urals. The most common and harmful diseases of spring wheat were: brown leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), stem rust (Puccinia graminis), oidium (Erysiphe graminis, Blumeria graminis Speer.), helminthiasis and fusariose root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp.). Among the samples of local breeding Orenburgskaya 13 variety was the strongly susceptible to the disease of wheat. Logachevka and Uchitel variety were mildly susceptible. Varyag variety was characterized by susceptibility to leaf rust, oidium and dust-brand. According to the complex resistance to diseases of the local races of wheat, we can allocate the following varieties: in the forest-steppe zone: Kinelskaya 59, Kinelskaya 60, Saratovskaya 55, Tulaykovskaya 5, steppe Tulaykovskaya, YuV 4 and in the steppe zone - Belyanka, Saratovskaya 70, Tulaykovskaya 10 and steppe Tulaykovskaya. The inclusion of these varieties in the hybridization will provide a more disease-resistant hybrids and new varieties of spring wheat.

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