No abstract

Background: Burn injury defines as skin or tissue damage caused by heat, radioactivity, electricity, or chemicals. Burn injury have an impact on physiological homeostasis. Burn injury will cause an increase in free radicals, it can also cause changes in the platelet count. Melatonin has been proposed as burn supportive therapy because it acts as an antioxidant that can eliminate free radicals. Melatonin can increase the number of the platelets through the mechanism of increasing megakaryocyte fragmentation and modulating the cytokines involved in platelet production. Aim: Proving the effects of melatonin supplementation on the number of platelets in male Wistar rats with third degree of burn injury. Methods: This research was an experimental with randomized control group pre-post test design. Samples are 12 healthy male Wistar rats then randomly divide into two groups, control and experimental group. Each rat was induced 30% burn injury under anesthesia. Rats in control group were given placebo at 0, 8, and 16 hours after burn injury, while rats in experimental group were treated with melatonin intraperitoneal at 0, 8 and 16 hours after burn injury. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinuses at 0, 3, and 24 hours. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired t-Test and Independent t-Test. Results: In control group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,024) and 0-24 hours (p=0,039) showed a significant decrease in platelet count. In experimental group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,047), 0-24 hours (0,015), 3-24 hours (p=0,04) showed a significant decrease in platelet count.Conclusions: Melatonin administration did not cause a significant increase of platelets number. Keywords: Burns, Platelet count, Melatonin

Background :  Pain is one of the most common complaint in patients. Combination of paracetamol and codeine is an alternative analgesic combination in chronic pain management. They belong to different group of analgesic and have different mechanism of action. Combination of these drugs give a better potential in pain management.  However, these drugs also have potential side effect on the kidney.Methods : An experimental study of post-test only control group design. The sample were 20 Wistar rats, randomized into 4 groups: control group, a group receiving paracetamol 32 mg/kg body weight, a group receiving codeine 1,9 mg/kg body weight, and a group receiving paracetamol 32 mg/kg body weight and codeine 1,9 mg combination, administered 4 times a day orally using gastric instillation for 28 days. At the 29th day, blood is collected from retro orbital vessel to measure the serum creatinine levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA TestResult : Obtained from statistical analysis there is no significant difference in serum creatinine levels in Wistar rats given all treatment group (p > 0,05).Conclusion : There is no significant difference in serum creatinine levels between administration of paracetamol and codeine combination compared to the control group.Keywords : Paracetamol, Codeine, Creatinine Serum, Pain

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with several risk factors, such as an unhealthy and unbalanced diet. Porang tubers, known as healthy diet resources, contain glucomannan, a substance that has many positive effects, such as ameliorating blood glucose. Porang tubers are processed as many food products, one of which is porang-processed rice (PR). This study investigated the immediate effects of PR on the blood glucose levels compared to white rice (WR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This was a pilot study of a non-randomized clinical study with a pre-and post-test design held from July to August 2021 in Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, among 40 DM patients. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: subjects that consumed Porang-processed rice (PR group, n=20) for two days and those that consumed white rice (WR group, n=20). They were measured for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 hours post-prandial glucose (2hPPG) at baseline (T0) and at day-3 after observation (T1). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows. Results: There were no significant differences in FBG and 2hPPG between the PR group and WR group at T0 and T1 (p>0.05). However, there were slightly larger decreases in FBG and 2hPPG in the PR group compared to the WR group, although they were insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The immediate consumption of PR for only two days in patients with DM could not reduce FPG and 2hPPG. It is needed to be confirmed by further studies whether PR may have the role as adjunctive in inhibiting the dramatic rise of FBG or 2hPPG or stabilizing blood glucose in patients with DM in a more extended time of consumption.