Itraconazole has anti-BCC activity in humans. These results provide the basis for larger trials of longer duration to measure the clinical efficacy of itraconazole, especially relative to other HH pathway inhibitors.

Objective-To evaluate the expression of biomarkers of implantation, Glycodelin A (GdA), Osteopontin (OPN), Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3), and HOXA10, in eutopic endometrium of women with and without endometriosis.Design-Prospective observational study. Setting-Clinical Research Center.Patient(s)-Twenty-four women with endometriosis and 23 healthy volunteers of similar age. Intervention(s)-Secretory phase endometrial biopsy.Main Outcome Measure(s)-Expression of immunohistochemical staining intensity and localization of GdA, OPN, LPA3 and HOXA10 in eutopic endometrium. Result(s)-EndometrialGdA expression was significantly reduced in patients after cycle day 22. The endometrium from women with endometriosis also showed decreased expression of OPN in the late secretory phase and LPA3 and HOXA10 expression in the mid-and late secretory phases. Conclusion(s)-The decreased expression of these four biomarkers of implantation may indicate impaired endometrial receptivity in endometriosis patients, providing one explanation for the subfertility observed even in women with few pelvic implants. As many of these markers are progesterone-dependent, these findings suggest the possibility of reduced endometrial progesterone action in this population.

Background Sun protection messages in the United States emphasize sunscreen use, although its efficacy in skin cancer prevention remains controversial. Methods We used data from NHANES 2003–2006, restricted to adult whites (n = 3,052) to evaluate how Americans protect themselves from the sun. Participants completed questionnaires on the frequency with which they used sunscreen, wore a hat, long sleeves, or stayed in the shade, in addition to the number of sunburns in the past year. Results Although using sunscreen is the most common sun protective behavior (30%), frequent sunscreen use was not associated with fewer sunburns. However, the odds of multiple sunburns were significantly lower in individuals who frequently avoided the sun by seeking shade (OR = 0.70, p < 0.001) or wearing long sleeves (OR = 0.73, p = 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest that shade and protective clothing may be more effective than sunscreen, as typically used by Americans.

A B S T R A C T PurposeIn light of inverse relationships reported in observational studies of vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma, we evaluated the effects of vitamin D combined with calcium supplementation on skin cancer in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. MethodsPostmenopausal women age 50 to 79 years (N ϭ 36,282) enrolled onto the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) calcium/vitamin D clinical trial were randomly assigned to receive 1,000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 (CaD) daily or placebo for a mean follow-up period of 7.0 years. NMSC and melanoma skin cancers were ascertained by annual self-report; melanoma skin cancers underwent physician adjudication. ResultsNeither incident NMSC nor melanoma rates differed between treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.07) and placebo groups (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.16). In subgroup analyses, women with history of NMSC assigned to CaD had a reduced risk of melanoma versus those receiving placebo (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.90; P interaction ϭ .038), which was not observed in women without history of NMSC. ConclusionVitamin D supplementation at a relatively low dose plus calcium did not reduce the overall incidence of NMSC or melanoma. However, in women with history of NMSC, CaD supplementation reduced melanoma risk, suggesting a potential role for calcium and vitamin D supplements in this high-risk group. Results from this post hoc subgroup analysis should be interpreted with caution but warrant additional investigation.