In the hypermedia society the indiscriminate use of multiple screens is observed from an increasingly early age. For this reason, digital coexistence, respect for children’s rights, and a sense of responsibility from the media and from families who educate children are required. This study reviews the literature in this field and identifies two approaches to the use of mobile devices in childhood. One approach highlights the uses of such devices as well as the opportunities they provide for children’s education and personal enrichment, whereas the other highlights their abu- sive uses and the problems caused by using them. This theoretical study reviews and reflects on the ideas of numerous authors who – in this digital age when society in general and children in parti- cular are using technology – are committed to empowering children to become critical receptors. Bearing in mind that childhood and the media cohabit the same space and that different children are engaged in different levels of media activity, we propose a range of levels that are based on activity, creation and social criticism. This proposal is achievable if we take into account education in, with and for the media. The CRC also recommends that families and schools should encourage suitable media and screen use by children.

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Technological evolution has led to many changes at both professional and academic levels. The inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has caused dizzying changes in the different contexts of life (educational, professional, social). More and more applications are being downloaded by users to their mobile devices, both for entertainment and training. For this reason, this study is based on the need to assess the knowledge and attitude of university students towards downloading existing educational applications. In this way, the use and frequency of these tools in the teaching-learning process of the students will be analyzed. In order to carry out this study, the quantitative methodology has been taken into consideration with the collection of data with a sample conformed by a total of 278 students of Higher Education between Spain and the Czech Republic. For this purpose, a survey has been prepared as an instrument of analysis, which has been validated by experts in the field. Among the most outstanding results, it can be seen that in both countries, students download educational apps to a greater or lesser degree, according to their interest and subject matter. Likewise, there is a lack of competences and skills in the use of these new technologies as a training complement. Based on this, we propose the continuous training of students and teachers in the knowledge and pedagogical use of ICT in general and educational apps in particular.