Water-dispersed colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with high concentration were synthesized from metal precursor HAuCl 4. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) and heterobiofunctionalized thiol polyethylene glycol acid (HS–PEG–COOH) were used as biofunctionalized layers for the synthesized AuNPs. The BSA and HS–PEG–COOH bound to the AuNPs were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by transmission electron microscope and UV-VS spectrophotometer. The fabricated BSA and HS–PEG–COOH-capped AuNPs were introduced in mouse to study its toxicity and its availability in the liver.

Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and immunotherapy are rapidly growing classes of cancer treatments. Basic, translational, and clinical research are now investigating therapeutic combinations of these agents. In comparison to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), TRT has the unique advantage of treating all disease sites following intravenous injection and selective tumor uptake and retention—a particularly beneficial property in metastatic disease settings. The therapeutic value of combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint blockade to treat metastases has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, whereas results of clinical studies have been mixed. Several clinical trials combining TRT and immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated based on preclinical studies combining these with EBRT and/or TRT. Despite the interest in translation of TRT and immunotherapy combinations, many questions remain surrounding the mechanisms of interaction and the optimal approach to clinical implementation of these combinations. This review highlights the mechanisms of interaction between anti-tumor immunity and radiation therapy and the status of basic and translational research and clinical trials investigating combinations of TRT and immunotherapies.

The study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of 58 Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterial isolates to 16 antibiotics. These bacterial isolates were recovered from diseased shrimp which displayed typical pathology of AHPND such as hepatopancreatic atrophy, empty gut, and hepatopancreatic changes including hemocytic infiltration and bacterial infection. Results of antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method showed that single resistance to tested antibiotics was relatively rare. The bacterial strains were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), cephalexin (100%), Sulfadiazine Sodium (94.7%), and Erythromycin (87.7%). Sensitivity of tested strains was recorded with doxycycline (84.2%) and oxytetacylin (49%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the sensitive isolates using a broth macro dilution method. The majority of tested isolates had an MIC value of 2μg/mL with doxycycline. The current study suggests caution in the use of antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of AHPND in shrimp farming.

In recent years, "digital transformation" has been mentioned more and more in most social aspects of life, including education. Digital transformation takes advantage of every opportunity that technology offers and can create an ecosystem in digital education to connect teachers, learners, and countries with new learning models. Besides, a technology trend that has been gaining traction is "gamification." In many countries, games are used in education to engage students through digital media, utilizing platforms or applications that require digital devices such as tablets, smartphones, or computers. However, to be able to apply it in Vietnam, various issues need to be addressed. The study polled 245 secondary and high school teachers in Vietnam to find out what factors influence the use of digital games in teaching in high schools in Northern Vietnam. The findings revealed that the teacher factor significantly affects the usage of digital games in the classroom. In addition, there are other factors, such as information technology tools for digital games in education, external resources, and available inherent resources. This can be used as a guide for adjusting the curriculum or developing pedagogical training programs to improve innovation and effectively use digital games in teaching.

A field study on the water quality parameters and prevalence of diseases was carried out in four locations in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A total number of 960 samples (816 with disease signs and 144 without disease sign) of farmed shrimp were collected over 8 sampling months (2 production cycles). Samples were collected every two weeks and when abnormal behavior from cultured shrimp was observed. Five major groups of gross clinical signs were recorded among diseased shrimp samples. Diseases that appeared through the sampling months were: (1) atrophy and pale-colored hepatopancreas (HP) with the empty or little food in the mid gut; (2) empty/little/discontinued food in the midgut and (3) slow growth, HP atrophy and gut with discontinued food. White feces disease was not found in April but appeared for the rest of sampling months with the highest prevalence in July (39,2%) and the lowest prevalence in September (4,9%). White spot disease appeared from October to December (at the end of when the monsoon season and low temperature).