The Beyşehir-Hoyran-Hadim Nappes crop out over 700 km from NW to SE. Above a regionally autochthonous Tauride carbonate platform the Beyşehir-Hoyran Nappes begin with a thrust sheet (c. 400 m) of mainly redeposited carbonates, quartzose sandstones and mudstones of Mid-Late Triassic age, interpreted as a proximal slope-base-of-slope succession. Above is a thrust sheet (c. 1 km) of Middle-Upper Triassic intermediate-acidic extrusive rocks, volcaniclastic rocks and minor pelagic carbonates, interpreted as a continental rift. Thin (,100 m) Upper Triassic-Upper Cretaceous pelagic carbonate and radiolarian chert lie depositionally above. The uppermost thrust sheet comprises broken formation and mélange, including Jurassic shallow-water carbonate, radiolarian chert and Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestone. Zones of tectonicsedimentary mélange separate higher units. The Beyşehir-Hoyran Nappes document Triassic rifting and Jurassic-Cretaceous passive margin subsidence bordering the Northern Neotethys. A harzburgitic ophiolite probably formed above a north-dipping subduction zone within the ocean basin. The ophiolite was emplaced southwards onto the northern margin of the Tauride platform in latest Cretaceous time. The nappe pile and underlying platform (Hadim Nappe) were thrust further south in Late Eocene time. Assuming in-sequence thrusting, the Beyşehir-Hoyran Nappes restore to a location north of a Neotethyan spreading axis. More probably, they originated near the south margin of the Northern Neotethys, but reached their position by outof-sequence thrusting. Formation within a southerly strand of the Northern Neotethys (Inner Tauride ocean) is more probable than within the main Northern Neotethys further north.

Field evidence from north-south transects tests three tectonic models for Tethys in Western Turkey for when a Late Palaeozoic ocean was closing and an Early Mesozoic ocean opening. In Model 1, a Palaeozoic ocean subducted southwards, rifting continental fragments from Gondwana and opening a Triassic Neo-Tethys to the south. Closure and collision occurred by latest Triassic time. In Model 2, a wide Palaeozoic Tethys subducted northwards with an active Eurasian margin and a passive Gondwana margin. The northern Gondwana margin rifted in the Triassic; fragments either remained nearby (Taurides) or drifted northwards (e.g. Karakaya) attached to a north-subducting plate. New oceanic crust replaced Palaeo-Tethys with Neotethys and back-arc marginal basins opened along the south Eurasian margin (e.g. Küre). In Model 3, a Palaeozoic ocean also subducted northwards opening wide marginal basins. A wide Southern Neotethys opened along the Gondwana margin. Rifted Eurasian (Anatolides) and Gondwana (Taurides) fragments collided in mid-Tethys by latest Triassic time. Field evidence from the Pontides supports north-dipping subduction models (Model 2 or 3 above). Key features are a south-vergent, HP-LT accretionary prism, magmatic arc and back-arc basin system bordering the Eurasian margin. Also, evidence from the Tauride Mountains favours Model 2 over Model 3. Critically, the Anatolides and Taurides appear to have a common history and were unlikely to have been located on opposite sides of Tethys, as in Model 3.

We consider the stochastic economic lot scheduling problem (SELSP) with lost sales and random demand, where switching between products is subject to sequence-dependent setup times. We propose a solution based on simulation optimization using an iterative two-step procedure which combines global policy search with local search heuristics for the traveling salesman sequencing subproblem. To optimize the production cycle, we compare two criteria: minimizing total setup times and evenly distributing setups to obtain a more regular production cycle. Based on a numerical study, we find that a policy with a balanced production cycle leads to lower cost than other policies with unbalanced cycles.

No abstract

No abstract