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HSE Horizons - This is a condensed version of paper SPE 74013, which was presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas E&P held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-22 March 2002.

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Understanding the sources and quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical to developing an emissions inventory that accurately represents oil and natural gas industry operations. In response to continued interest by its member companies about consistency in emissions estimation, the American Petroleum Institute (API) developed a Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry.TheCompendiumis a result of more than a year long effort by API to screen, evaluate and document a range of calculation techniques and emission factors that could be useful for developing GHG emissions inventories. In this work all oil and gas industry segments from exploration and production to transportation, refining and distribution were considered. Particular emphasis has been placed on including estimation techniques that depend on knowledge of oil and gas processing simulation, along with a ranking of preferred and alternate methods. Initially distributed in June 2001 as a "Road-Test" document, API will continue to gather comments from end users and other interested parties for a one-year trial period. API has reached out to governmental, non-governmental and industry associations during the development process to ensure broad peer-review. Additional opportunities will be sought for further discussions prior to finalizing the document in 2002. This paper will summarize the technical approach adopted for the Compendium and introduce some of the techniques for estimating GHG emissions from specific oil and gas industry operations. It will discuss decisions that need to be made when designing a GHG emissions inventory. It will also present findings from users of theCompendium and feedback from end-user reviews. The Compendium The Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry documents a number of currently recognized calculation techniques and emission factors available for developing GHG emissions inventories for oil and gas industry operations. The Compendium was developed to accomplish the following:Assemble an expanse of relevant emission factors for estimating GHG emissions from oil and gas industry activities, based on currently available public documents;Outline detailed procedures for conversions between different measurement unit systems, with particular emphasis on implementation of oil and gas industry standards;Provide descriptions of the multitude of oil and gas industry operations—from exploration and production through refining to the marketing of products, as well as the transportation of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products—and the associated emissions sources that should be considered;Develop emission inventory examples—based on selected facilities from the various industry segments—to demonstrate the broad applicability of the methodologies; andOutline scope and boundary issues and provide suggestions on how to handle them in constructing an overall inventory. The Compendiumrepresents a compilation of recognized methodologies for estimating GHG emissions specific to oil and gas industry operations.

Carbon Capture and Geological Storage (CCS) may play a significant role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Oil and natural gas companies are actively pursuing innovative research and new technology initiatives to answer the technical and policy questions surrounding CCS. This paper presents an overview of a recent collaborative effort between the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) to develop guidelines for accounting and reporting of GHG emission reductions from CCS projects.1 The focus of the CCS guidelines is on specific technical considerations and the assessment of project emission reductions over the entire CCS chain - capture, transport, injection and storage. The guidelines address potential baseline candidates and scenario assessment, potential emission sources, and monitoring considerations. Case studies for three potential applications are provided to demonstrate the application of emission reduction principles. Key messages include:Growing industry experience with CCS can be used to develop an overall approach to managing geological storage and reducing the risk of unintended physical leakage. Comprehensive examination of possible sites, with appropriate site selection for geological storage, as well as operation and monitoring, are all components of a risk management approach.Good practices in monitoring are especially important for CCS to be a safe and secure GHG emission reduction option.Monitoring should be based on a site-specific risk assessment, with monitoring methods appropriate for the identified risks and to assure the long-term environmental integrity of the storage.Oil industry experience and expertise provide confidence in CCS as an effective emissions mitigation option. Through these guidelines, API and IPIECA aim to assist the petroleum industry in identifying, assessing, and developing CCS projects with the potential for producing credible GHG emission reductions. Introduction and Background Through the development of real and sustainable actions to reduce GHG emissions, the oil and natural gas industry is addressing the challenge of meeting the world's growing energy demands in a responsible manner. The technological option of capturing CO2 from large point sources, compressing, transporting, and injecting it into deep saline aquifers, coal beds, or oil and natural gas reservoirs for long-term storage holds the potential for playing a key role in reducing GHG emissions while providing affordable energy for worldwide social and economic development. This paper introduces a recent industry program to develop guidelines for quantifying GHG emission reductions from project activities of interest to the petroleum industry, and in particular guidelines for CCS projects. Working in collaboration, the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) and American Petroleum Institute (API) drafted the Petroleum Industry Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Projects2 (referred to as the Project Guidelines) to promote transparent and credible calculation and reporting of GHG emission reductions from such activities in a comprehensive and consistent manner. This initiative builds on earlier protocol development work contained in the Petroleum Industry Guidelines for Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions3 and the API Compendium of Emissions Estimating Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry4.