A thermally stable perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on a new molecular hole transporter (MHT) of 1,3‐bis(5‐(4‐(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl) amino)phenyl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5‐octyl‐4H‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione (coded HL38) is reported. Hole mobility of 1.36 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and glass transition temperature of 92.2 °C are determined for the HL38 doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine as additives. Interface engineering with 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)thiophene hydroiodide (2‐TEAI) between the perovskite and the HL38 improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 19.60% (untreated) to 21.98%, and this champion PCE is even higher than that of the additive‐containing 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD)‐based device (21.15%). Thermal stability testing at 85 °C for over 1000 h shows that the HL38‐based PSC retains 85.9% of the initial PCE, while the spiro‐MeOTAD‐based PSC degrades unrecoverably from 21.1% to 5.8%. Time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry studies combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that HL38 shows lower lithium ion diffusivity than spiro‐MeOTAD due to a strong complexation of the Li+ with HL38, which is responsible for the higher degree of thermal stability. This work delivers an important message that capturing mobile Li+ in a hole‐transporting layer is critical in designing novel MHTs for improving the thermal stability of PSCs. In addition, it also highlights the impact of interface design on non‐conventional MHTs.
Two readily accessible thienothiophene-triphenylamine charge-transport materials have been synthesized by simply varying the substitution pattern of the triphenylamine groups on a central thienothiophene π-linker. The impact of the substitution pattern on the thermal, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of these materials was evaluated and, based on theoretical and experimental studies, we found that the isomer in which the triphenylamine groups were located at the 2,5-positions of the thienothiophene core (TT-2,5-TPA) had better π-conjugation than the 3,6-isomer (TT-3,6-TPA). Whilst the thermal, morphological, and hydrophobic properties of the two materials were similar, their optoelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties were noticeably impacted. When applied as hole-transport materials in hybrid perovskite solar cells, the 2,5-isomer exhibited a power-conversion efficiency of 13.6 %, much higher than that of its 3,6-counterpart (0.7 %) under the same standard conditions.
Three new thioxanthone derivatives differing by their peripheral groups have been investigated as visible light photoinitiators of polymerisation. Their reactivity and efficiency have been compared with that of a commercial...
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