Amazon.com has been through several stages of development: first as a cyber‐bookstore, then a cyber‐market, and now an Application Service Provider (ASP). I apply the concept of “business ecosystem” to describe the evolution of Amazon.com, and highlight the role of web services in the shaping of its ecosystem. The company plays a central role in the ecosystem, working with a network of partners to bring products and services to customers. By continually trying to improve the health of its ecosystem, Amazon ensures its own survival and prosperity. The mechanisms through which Amazon has created its ecosystem are discussed and ideas for firms looking to create analogous business communities are advanced. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Part 3: Governance, Openess and InstitutionsInternational audienceIntegrating Web 2.0 technologies in e-government opens up new opportunities for improving the quality of online public services and developing new ones, and can potentially contribute in achieving e-government strategic objectives. This paper presents and analyzes the result of an exploratory field study conducted recently with a group of e-government experts in France. Our objective is to identify e-government development trends, and to assess the transformation potential associated with Web 2.0 and Open Innovation (OI). We have adopted an enriched Delphi method, and used a GSS (Group Support System) to facilitate brainstorming and idea generation. Preliminary results are analyzed from two perspectives: Their contribution to e-government 2.0 and to open government, and their differences and complementarities with a recent governmental report on the future of public e-services in France. This work is a first step in a comprehensive research whose purpose is the study of public organizations’ transformation and the emergence of the government 2.0 concept. It is a contribution to a better understanding of e-government future
Ecosystèmesd'affaires, stratégies de plateforme et innovation ouverte : vers une approche intégrée de la dynamique d'innovation par Thierry Isckia 48 RésuméNotre contribution s'inscrit dans une perspective intégrative qui vise à mettre en exergue les liens existants entre trois concepts distincts présents tant dans la littérature académique que dans le discours managérial : les écosystèmes d'affaires (ESA), les plateformes et l'innovation ouverte (IO). L'objectif de cet article est de montrer que les ESA constituent un cadre d'analyse pertinent qui permet de donner tout son sens au phénomène d'IO. Dans ce contexte, la notion de plateforme constitue un objet médiateur qui permet de faire le lien entre les ESA et l'IO. Le concept d'ESA consacre le développement sans précédent des collaborations inter-entreprises. Dans la plupart des cas, ces collaborations ont pour objectifs de réduire les coûts de développement de nouveaux produits ou services, les délais de commercialisation (time to market), et sont un moyen efficace d'explorer de nouveaux espaces de marché et d'exploiter des compétences complémentaires à celles de l'entreprise (core competencies). Dans ce contexte, les plateformes constituent un espace collaboratif permettant de réaliser tout où partie de ces objectifs et d'asseoir le processus d'innovation collective dont le degré d'ouverture peut varier. En contribuant au rapprochement de différents partenaires, les plateformes jouent un rôle important dans le développement de l'innovation ouverte et contribuent ainsi au développement des ESA. AbstractThis paper is based on an integrative perspective which highlights the relationships between three distinct concepts that are both present in the academic literature and the managerial discourse: business ecosystems (BE), platforms and open innovation (OI). The aim of this paper is to show that the ecosystem-based view is an appropriate analytical framework that improves our understanding of the OI phenomenon. In this context, the notion of platform is of main importance since it brings together BE and OI. The concept of BE confirms the unprecedented development of inter-firms relationships. In most cases, these collaborations deal with new products or services and are aimed to reduce development costs, time to market. They are also an effective way to explore new market space and exploit complementary skills. In this context, the platform is a collaborative space 48. thierry iSckiA,
In this paper, we analyze how to orchestrate platform ecosystems in order to ensure the commercialization of constant flows of innovations. We focus on platform-owners and how they orchestrate the coupling process between the innovation part of the ecosystem and the business development part of the ecosystem. We apply a life-cycle perspective, analyzing how these two subsystems are dynamically aligned through this coupling process. Three emblematic case studies illustrate platform-owners' choices regarding the management of this coupling process. Existing accounts of ecosystem orchestration are quite scarce in the academic literature and do not systematically acknowledge that innovation and business development are subsystems.
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